Bilateral occipital arteries of internal carotid origin: report of a case and review of the literature

The present report describes a patient with bilateral occipital arteries of internal carotid origin, which is an extremely rare variation, and left vertebral artery ostial stenosis diagnosed by selective catheterization and digital subtraction angiography

The Role of the Nitric Oxide Pathway by Angiographic Demonstration of the Acute Phase of Arterial Spasm. An Experimental Study

The present study examined the benefits of computerized quantitation methods for analysis of digital angiograms to quantify vasospasm. Methods currently used to quantify vasospasm in such experimental settings have several shortcomings. The present method provides quantitative data that none of the others provided. An endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced vasospasm model of the rabbit basilar artery was employed for the study. L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and dexamethasone were applied intra-arterially. Basilar artery diameters were measured by angiography using special software. L-NAME and dexamethasone inhibited the vasospasm caused by ET-1 that was quantified by computerized quantitation methods for analysis of digital angiograms. Computerized quantitation for analysis of digital angiograms is an accurate technique for the measurement of vasospasm. The non-selective nitric oxide synthases (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME, inhibits the vasoconstriction induced by ET-1 as does the selective immunological NOS (iNOS) inhibitor, dexamethasone, in the proposed doses. </jats:p

Isolated abducens palsy of advanced age: A rare presentation of dural carotid cavernous fistula: A case report

Abducens palsy is the most common isolated cranial nerve palsy due to its long peripheral course. Multiple anatomical relationships, particularly within the cavernous sinus and orbita, make the nerve vulnerable. 67 year-old female patient was admitted with worsened headache and lateral gaze restriction of the left eye, which appeared recently. She had no prior history of trauma. Prominent appearance of the left cavernous sinus on cranial magnetic resonance imaging, raised the need of digital substraction angiography which revealed the presence of bilateral type D dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous sinuses. Cavernous sinus pathologies, which are usually known to manifest with multiple ocular motor palsies because of the close relationship between 3rd, 4th and 6th nerves inside, might rarely present with isolated abducens palsy. The clinician should pay particular attention to headache in such kind of patients and dural carotid-cavernous fistula should be taken into account, even in the absence of previous trauma history

Bilateral Occipital Arteries of Internal Carotid Origin: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

The present report describes a patient with bilateral occipital arteries of internal carotid origin, which is an extremely rare variation, and left vertebral artery ostial stenosis diagnosed by selective catheterization and digital subtraction angiography