6D Dyonic String With Active Hyperscalars

We derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a Killing spinor in N=(1,0) gauge supergravity in six dimensions coupled to a single tensor multiplet, vector multiplets and hypermultiplets. These are shown to imply most of the field equations and the remaining ones are determined. In this framework, we find a novel 1/8 supersymmetric dyonic string solution with nonvanishing hypermultiplet scalars. The activated scalars parametrize a 4 dimensional submanifold of a quaternionic hyperbolic ball. We employ an identity map between this submanifold and the internal space transverse to the string worldsheet. The internal space forms a 4 dimensional analog of the Gell-Mann-Zwiebach tear-drop which is noncompact with finite volume. While the electric charge carried by the dyonic string is arbitrary, the magnetic charge is fixed in Planckian units, and hence necessarily non-vanishing. The source term needed to balance a delta function type singularity at the origin is determined. The solution is also shown to have 1/4 supersymmetric AdS_3 x S^3 near horizon limit where the radii are proportional to the electric charge.Comment: 28 pages, latex, minor corrections mad

Harnessing the social: state, crisis and (big) society

The paper analyses the UK government’s plans to create a social investment market. The Big Society as political economy is understood as a response to three aspects of a multi-faceted, global crisis: a crisis of capital accumulation; a crisis of social reproduction; and, a fiscal crisis of the state. While the neoliberal state is retreating from the sphere of social reproduction, further off-loading the costs of social reproduction onto the unwaged realms of the home and the community, it is simultaneously engaging in efforts to enable this terrain of social reproduction to be harnessed for profit. Key to this process are specific government policies, the creation of new financial institutions and instruments and the introduction of the metric of ‘social value’. Policies ostensibly aimed at resolving the crisis in ways that empower local communities, actually foster further financialisation and a deepening of capitalist disciplinary logics into the social fabric

17. H. Vikis, unpublished results

growth factor stimulation, and ROS is known to activate Src and Jak family kinases (11, 23, 24). Thus, Rac1 may both localize STAT3 to kinase complexes and contribute to the activation of the kinases themselves. References and Notes 1. J. E. Darnell Jr., Science 277, 1630 (1997). 2. J. N. Ihle et al., Trends Biochem. Sci. 19, 222 (1994). 3. K. Shuai et al., Cell 76, 821 (1994). 4. T. E. Hayes, A. M. Kitchen, B. H. Cochran, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 1272 To define the cell type(s) from which the daf-2 insulinlike signaling pathway functions to control C. elegans life-span, metabolism, and development, we restored daf-2 pathway function to restricted cell types by using distinct promoters to express daf-2 or age-1 cDNAs in either neurons, intestine, or muscle cells of a daf-2 or age-1 mutant (16 -22). Long life-span, metabolic changes, and dauer arrest were tested in these transgenic animals The long life-span of daf-2 and age-1 mutants was rescued by neuronal expression of daf-2 or age-1, respectively, with the panneuronal unc-14 promoter (16, 24). Neuronally restricted age-1 expression fully restored wild-type adult life-span to an age-1(mg44) null mutan

State of Elementary Education in Public Schools of Gujarat: A Study of Schools Run by the Bharuch Municipality

In India the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments have given powers and responsibility of achieving the goal of Universal Elementary Education (UEE) to the local body governments. The present study has examined the situation of elementary schools run by Bharuch municipality. The evidence show that the situation of elementary education is unsatisfactory and in bad shape. The number of schools has declined rapidly, the learning levels of students are miserable, community participation is almost non-existent, private cost of so called free municipality education is high; and the state of the mid-day meal scheme looks very grim. Municipality schools are loosing ground in Bharuch city

Crowding: risk factor or protective factor for lower respiratory disease in young children?

BACKGROUND: To study the effects of household crowding upon the respiratory health of young children living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Case-control study with children aged from 2 to 59 months living within the boundaries of the city of São Paulo. Cases were children recruited from 5 public hospitals in central São Paulo with an acute episode of lower respiratory disease. Children were classified into the following diagnostic categories: acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonia, asthma, post-bronchiolitis wheezing and wheezing of uncertain aetiology. One control, crudely matched to each case with regard to age (<2, 2 years old or more), was selected among healthy children living in the neighborhood of the case. All buildings were surveyed for the presence of environmental contaminants, type of construction and building material. Plans of all homes, including measurements of floor area, height of walls, windows and solar orientation, was performed. Data were analysed using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 313 pairs of children were studied. Over 70% of the cases had a primary or an associated diagnosis of a wheezing illness. Compared with controls, cases tended to live in smaller houses with less adequate sewage disposal. Cases and controls were similar with respect to the number of people and the number of children under five living in the household, as well the number of people sharing the child's bedroom. After controlling for potential confounders, no evidence of an association between number of persons sharing the child's bedroom and lower respiratory disease was identified when all cases were compared with their controls. However, when two categories of cases were distinguished (infections, asthma) and each category compared separately with their controls, crowding appeared to be associated with a 60% reduction in the incidence of asthma but with 2 1/2-fold increase in the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that household crowding places young children at risk of acute lower respiratory infection but may protect against asthma. This result is consistent with the hygiene hypothesis

US and European Household Debt and Credit Constraints

This paper uses micro data from four OECD countries (the United States, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands), to assess the determinants of household debt holding and to investigate whether or not credit constraints are important for household debt holding. We extend the existing literature in important ways. First, we present comparative evidence for four countries at the micro level, where we rely on household panel data for two countries; we are thus able to control for unobserved heterogeneity via individual household effects and to track changes in household behaviour over time. Second, by making data across countries as comparable as possible, we can explore the importance of the differences in institutional settings for debt incidence, debt outstanding and credit constraints. We also explore the implications for debt holding from consumption models, including a numerically solved precautionary savings model. We find that inter-country differences are substantial and remain even after controlling for a host of observable characteristics. This points to institutional differences between the countries being important

Marconi, masculinity and the heroic age of science: wireless telegraphy at the British Association meeting at Dover in 1899

In September 1899, at the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS) in Dover, Guglielmo Marconi’s wireless telegraphy system was used to transmit messages across the English Channel (and across a national border) for the first time. This achievement represented a highly effective performance of scientific masculinity and constitutes a key turning point in an important struggle between competing interpretations of invention and innovation as masculine practices within British science. The British Association tended to favor a narrative of scientific research as a collectivist, international, gentlemanly-amateur pursuit, largely confined to the laboratory. Marconi, by contrast, explained the development of wireless telegraphy as the achievement of his own genius. Appealing not only to the established scientific elite but to a range of non-traditional audiences, and stressing the possibilities or ‘imagined uses’ of his technology even more so than his actual results, he succeeded in commanding unprecedented influence

20. P. Stankiewicz, in Genomic Disorders: The Genomic Basis of Disease

SNP associations are replicated across populations. Replication of association signals is the sine qua non of association studies, and the fact that we observe this even between diverse populations and with small sample sizes highlights the relevance and robustness of the associations we detect. Gene expression is the basis for many crucial functions in the cell, so the relative contribution of these two types of variants is an indication of the nature of the mutational and natural selection processes that contribute to phenotypic diversity and divergence. It is, therefore, essential that we interrogate both SNPs and CNVs (of all types) to perform a comprehensive exploration of genetic effects on phenotypic variation and disease. It is possible that, if a larger number of SNPs were analyzed or a higher resolution of CNVs was available, we would observe more overlap between the effects attributed to CNVs and SNPs. However, the difficulty of designing robust SNP genotyping assays in structurally dynamic regions of the genome (26) suggests that even with more comprehensive interrogation of SNPs and CNVs, the overlap may not be high enough for one type of variation to be sufficient for exploring the genetic causes of disease. We have also demonstrated that it is not necessary to perform such studies with CNV calls or CNV genotypes, but it is possible to use filtered CGH log 2 ratios or any other type of high-quality quantitative signal that reflects underlying CNV. It has also become apparent that there are many more structural variants that contribute to phenotypic variation than our stringent criteria for what is a CNV reveal and that higherresolution methods are necessary to elucidate their structure and function. Last, but not least, is the fact that we have only considered simple models of association in small samples, so it is very likely that if we apply more complex and realistic models (e.g., epistatic interactions) and/or larger population samples, a larger number of effects would be revealed. The results presented here reinforce the idea that the complexity of functionally relevant genetic variation ranges from single nucleotides to megabases, and the full range of the effects of all of these variants will be best captured and interpreted by complete knowledge of the sequence of many human genomes. Until this is possible we need to survey all known types of genetic variation to maximize our understanding of human evolution, diversity, and disease. References and Notes The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus has two motility systems: S motility, which is powered by type IV pilus retraction, and A motility, which is powered by unknown mechanism(s). We found that A motility involved transient adhesion complexes that remained at fixed positions relative to the substratum as cells moved forward. Complexes assembled at leading cell poles and dispersed at the rear of the cells. When cells reversed direction, the A-motility clusters relocalized to the new leading poles together with S-motility proteins. The Frz chemosensory system coordinated the two motility systems. The dynamics of protein cluster localization suggest that intracellular motors and force transmission by dynamic focal adhesions can power bacterial motility

20. P. Stankiewicz, in Genomic Disorders: The Genomic Basis of Disease

SNP associations are replicated across populations. Replication of association signals is the sine qua non of association studies, and the fact that we observe this even between diverse populations and with small sample sizes highlights the relevance and robustness of the associations we detect. Gene expression is the basis for many crucial functions in the cell, so the relative contribution of these two types of variants is an indication of the nature of the mutational and natural selection processes that contribute to phenotypic diversity and divergence. It is, therefore, essential that we interrogate both SNPs and CNVs (of all types) to perform a comprehensive exploration of genetic effects on phenotypic variation and disease. It is possible that, if a larger number of SNPs were analyzed or a higher resolution of CNVs was available, we would observe more overlap between the effects attributed to CNVs and SNPs. However, the difficulty of designing robust SNP genotyping assays in structurally dynamic regions of the genome (26) suggests that even with more comprehensive interrogation of SNPs and CNVs, the overlap may not be high enough for one type of variation to be sufficient for exploring the genetic causes of disease. We have also demonstrated that it is not necessary to perform such studies with CNV calls or CNV genotypes, but it is possible to use filtered CGH log 2 ratios or any other type of high-quality quantitative signal that reflects underlying CNV. It has also become apparent that there are many more structural variants that contribute to phenotypic variation than our stringent criteria for what is a CNV reveal and that higherresolution methods are necessary to elucidate their structure and function. Last, but not least, is the fact that we have only considered simple models of association in small samples, so it is very likely that if we apply more complex and realistic models (e.g., epistatic interactions) and/or larger population samples, a larger number of effects would be revealed. The results presented here reinforce the idea that the complexity of functionally relevant genetic variation ranges from single nucleotides to megabases, and the full range of the effects of all of these variants will be best captured and interpreted by complete knowledge of the sequence of many human genomes. Until this is possible we need to survey all known types of genetic variation to maximize our understanding of human evolution, diversity, and disease. References and Notes The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus has two motility systems: S motility, which is powered by type IV pilus retraction, and A motility, which is powered by unknown mechanism(s). We found that A motility involved transient adhesion complexes that remained at fixed positions relative to the substratum as cells moved forward. Complexes assembled at leading cell poles and dispersed at the rear of the cells. When cells reversed direction, the A-motility clusters relocalized to the new leading poles together with S-motility proteins. The Frz chemosensory system coordinated the two motility systems. The dynamics of protein cluster localization suggest that intracellular motors and force transmission by dynamic focal adhesions can power bacterial motility