Acquisition des formes verbales alternantes en français L2: La L1 des apprenants fait-elle la différence?

Acquisition of irregular verb forms in L2 French: does the L1 of the learners explain the difference ? This study explores L1 effects on the production of subject-verb agreement in number (singular vs. plural) in L2 French. L1 influence has rarely been explored in detail in this context, especially compared to other factors such as input frequency of specific verb forms, singular vs plural entities and different types of verbs. In this study, we analyse the use of verbs with an audible distinction between singular and plural in a corpus of 45 narratives produced in L2 French by learners with German, Italian and Swedish as their L1. These three languages display major differences in subjectverb agreement and we therefore hypothesize that it will be easier for learners who express subject-verb agreement in their L1 (Germans and Italians) to produce this agreement in L2 French, compared to learners without subject-verb agreement in their L1 (Swedes). A linear regression analysis confirms an effect of the context (agreement is more correct in singular than in plural contexts) and of the type of verb (agreement is more difficult in verbs with a plural based on a word-final consonant in coda position (e.g. boire 'to drink') compared to verbs with a plural in /5/ (e.g. être 'to be') and in verbs with stem alternation in plural (e.g. prendre 'to take'). However, contrary to predictions, the L1 of the learners did not seem to influence their production of singular and plural verb forms in L2 French. Even though German and Italian clearly express subjectverb agreement in number on the verb, German and Italian learners do not have an advantage over Swedish learners when producing subject-verb agreement in number in L2 French

EUROTRANS/ECATS or neutronic experiments for the validation of XT-ADS and EFIT monitoring

OECD (2011) NEA 6897 ISBN 978926411727

ECATS: an international experimental program on the reactivity monitoring of Accelerator Driven Systems - Status and progress

International audienc

ADS reactivity measurements from MUSE to TRADE (and where do we Go from here?)

International audienceThis paper provides a link between the MUSE (MUltiplication avec SourceExterne) program performed at CEA-Cadarache in France, and the TRADE(TRiga Accelerator Driven Experiment) program performed at ENEA-Casacciain Italy. In both programs, extensive measurements were made to determinethe best methods for sub-criticality measurements in an accelerator-driven system.A very serious attempt was made to quantify the uncertainties associatedwith such measurements. While both MUSE and TRADE studied the methodsof sub-criticality determination, in fact the two systems are very different.MUSE was a fast system with MOX fuel (generation time around 0.5 μs), andTRADE was performed in a TRIGA reactor (generation time around 50 μs).This paper will summarize the important results of these two experiments,with the main purpose being to tie them together to attempt to draw genericconclusions that can be applied in the future to a real ADS.In addition, this paper will briefly discuss the next series of experiments thatwill continue this work in the U.S. (RACE, Reactor Accelerator Coupled Experiments),Belarus (YALINA), Belgium (GUINEVERE), and Russia (SAD,Sub-critical Assembly Dubna). MUSE and TRADE have contributed greatlyto our understanding of the uncertainties associated with sub-critical measurements,but there are still some gaps that must be covered. This paper willdescribe the gaps that exist, and demonstrate how the above future programswill fill in the missing information needed for the design of an actual ADSsystem in the future

GENEPI-3C, a versatile neutron generator for the GUINEVERE ADS feasibility studies

TU6PFP028International audienceGUINEVERE, Generator-of-Uninterrupted- Intense-NEutrons-at-the-lead-VEnus-REactor, is devoted to ADS feasibility studies and to investigate on-line reactivity monitoring, sub-criticality determination and operational procedures. It will couple a versatile neutron source to the VENUS-F lead core at the SCK*CEN site in Mol (Belgium). It is based on an electrostatic accelerator generating 14 MeV neutrons by bombarding a deuteron beam on a tritium target located in the reactor core. A new accelerator has been developed. It will produce alternatively 1 μs 250 keV deuteron pulses with adjustable repetition rate (40 mA peak), as well as continuous beam (1 mA) with programmable interruptions. Beam will be inserted vertically into the reactor core. The accelerator is designed to enable the vertical section of the beam line to be easily lifted out the reactor bunker for maintenance operations, target changes and core loading procedures. This paper will describe the design of the accelerator and its commissioning in Grenoble (France), before its transfer to the Belgian site. This work is performed within the 6th Framework Program EC project EUROTRANS.GUINEVERE, Generator-of-Uninterrupted- Intense-NEutrons-at-the-lead-VEnus-REactor, is devoted to ADS feasibility studies and to investigate on-line reactivity monitoring, sub-criticality determination and operational procedures. It will couple a versatile neutron source to the VENUS-F lead core at the SCK*CEN site in Mol (Belgium). It is based on an electrostatic accelerator generating 14 MeV neutrons by bombarding a deuteron beam on a tritium target located in the reactor core. A new accelerator has been developed. It will produce alternatively 1 μs 250 keV deuteron pulses with adjustable repetition rate (40 mA peak), as well as continuous beam (1 mA) with programmable interruptions. Beam will be inserted vertically into the reactor core. The accelerator is designed to enable the vertical section of the beam line to be easily lifted out the reactor bunker for maintenance operations, target changes and core loading procedures. This paper will describe the design of the accelerator and its commissioning in Grenoble (France), before its transfer to the Belgian site. This work is performed within the 6th Framework Program EC project EUROTRANS