Population density estimate and spatial distribution of Mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona schreiber, 1774) in Okomu national park Edo state, Nigeria

The population density estimates and spatial distribution of Mona monkeys in Okomu National Park was carried out in this study using the line transect method. The mean density of Mona monkeys was observed to be high (26) in Okomu National park and the morning and evening censuses showed that there was significant statistical difference between the morning and evening censuses (P-value +2.45 at 0.05 threshold). The spatial distribution of Mona monkeys was observed to be more in Arakuan range than in any other range within the selected ranges due to the fact that Mona monkeys in this range are semi-habituated because of the high tourism activities in this range and the presence of the rangers camp which offered more protection to the animals and the proximity to Okomu oil palm estate. Keywords: Mona monkeys, Population, Distribution, Okomu National Par

Tunnels

Tunnelling is an indispensable part of infrastructure services. Some of the factors affecting the tunnel design can be listed as the characteristics of the soil or rock mass, tunnel excavation method, tunnel dimensions and the structures located on the tunnel route. Field studies (geological-geotechnical evaluations) during the design phase are one of the most important factors in tunnel design. All studies to be carried out after this stage are based on the determined geological model. The determination of the tunnel support system is made with detailed analytical and numerical solutions. In this study, empirical, analytical and numerical solutions, geotechnical measurements, swelling and squeezing phenomena in tunnels, tunnel support capacity equations, weak rock in tunnelling and tunnel support types are explained briefly

The effect of probiotic containing Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantenrun and Weissalla ciberia on some blood parameters of broiler chicken

The research was aimed at studying the effect of Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantenrun and Weissalla ciberia on lipid profiles, blood glucose concentration, total protein and total immunoglobulin of broiler chicken. This is targeted at finding an alternative to antibiotics in broiler production. The study was carried out at the Department of microbiology, faculty of sciences Kaduna State University, Kaduna between January to April 2018. A total of twenty day-old broiler chicks were administered probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantenrun and Weissalla ciberia) in water at 108 cells/milliliters/isolates/birds/day for six weeks. Blood glucose concentration, total protein, lipid profiles and Total immunoglobulins (IgY) were determined from blood sample at the ages of 14 and 42 days. The results shows that there was no significance difference between the mean of the treatment on blood glucose concentration, total protein and other parameters of lipid profiles except for triglycerides that a significant difference was observed P=0.0009. Significant difference was also observed between mean of the treatment on IgY at day 14 and 42 P=0.0001. The probiotic lactic acid bacteria have showed an increased level of IgY in broiler chickens which clearly indicates the superiority of probiotics over antibiotics to immune responses

Sistem Informasi Pengajuan Cuti Pegawai Menggunakan Framework Laravel Pada Kantor Camat Kuta Utara

Cuti merupakan hak pegawai yang penting untuk menunjang kesejahteraan dan produktivitas kerja. Namun, pengelolaan cuti di Kantor Camat Kuta Utara yang masih dilakukan secara manual menghadapi beberapa kendala, seperti waktu proses yang lama dan kemungkinan kehilangan berkas. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, penelitian ini mengusulkan rancang bangun sistem informasi pengajuan cuti berbasis web dengan menggunakan framework Laravel. Sistem ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dalam proses pengajuan cuti dengan mengotomatisasi langkah-langkah seperti pengisian data cuti, validasi, dan persetujuan. Dengan menggunakan metode Waterfall dan bahasa pemrograman PHP serta database MySQL, sistem ini akan mempermudah pegawai dalam mengajukan cuti, mengurangi kesalahan administratif, dan memperbaiki rekapan data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi yang tidak hanya memudahkan proses pengajuan cuti tetapi juga memastikan bahwa data cuti dapat dikelola dengan baik. Diharapkan dengan adanya sistem ini, Kantor Camat Kuta Utara dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan akurasi dalam pengelolaan cuti pegawai

Time allocation to balance group living trade-offs in Ethiopian wolves

Living in groups requires individuals to make trade-offs to maintain group cohesion and enhance individual and inclusive fitness. One way animals can do this is by adjusting the way they allocate time to different behaviours. Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) are highly social, cooperative breeders (only the dominant pair breeds and all members help to raise the litter), but solitary foragers. To investigate how Ethiopian wolves allocate their time to balance the costs and benefits of group living, we analysed the time budgets of 47 wolves across six behaviours. We hypothesized that group size and territory density would affect wolves’ time allocation between solitary (foraging) and communal activities (patrolling and socialising) differently in relation to their age, dominance status or sex, and whether the pack was breeding or not. Our results showed that the time spent foraging alone increased at higher territorial densities, as expected from interference competition, particularly among subadults, subordinates and individuals in breeding packs. On the other hand, as pack size increased, adult wolves spent a lower proportion of time patrolling, while the time spent socialising did not change. Living in groups reduces the costs of communal activities, but crowded territories come at the cost of interference competition for solitary foragers, particularly the animals further down the hierarchy ranks, subadults, and individuals investing in breeding. Such trade-offs could impose an upper limit to group size and population growth within a limited space. Furthermore, anthropogenic disturbance could alter the balance of social and solitary activities of Ethiopian wolves

The Advent of the Transnational TV Format Trading System: A Global Commodity Chain Analysis

This article argues that the format business transformed into a trading system in the 2000s, system being defined as a singular transnational space structured by networks of interdependent economic agents, firms, institutions and places. Following the global commodity chain/global value chain approach set out by Immanuel Wallerstein and developed by Gary Gereffi, this article then examines each dimension of the global TV format commodity chain that runs through this trading system. Beginning with the governance structure, this article counter-intuitively asserts that despite the current boom in TV production, it is a buyer-driven chain with power resting firmly in the hands of those making the acquisitions: the broadcasters. Considering the chain’s geographical configuration, this article identifies three tiers of format exporters and specific trade routes along which most TV formats travel. These findings enable us to reassess the claims made by the cosmopolitanization thesis about the nature of media globalization. Contrary to this thesis, this article asserts the need to comprehend media globalization within the context of an expanding capitalist world-system, and shows that the new transnational TV format trade and its commodity chain replicate the inequalities and power structures of former trading systems

Kajian Yuridis Terhadap Asas Transparansi Penggunaan Dana Reses Anggota DPRD Kota Kupang Periode 2019-2023

Adanya Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis asa transparansi penggunaan dana ress anggota DPRD Kota Kupang maka diharapkan agar masyarakat luas dapat mengetahui apa itu reses dan apa saja yang dilakukan oleh para Anggota Dewan pada masa reses tersebut. Untuk apa dan bagaimana pelaksanaan reses dilakukan dan bagaimana agar masyarakat memahami dan mengerti tentang reses. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dan sifat deskriptif yang menggambarkan fenomena yang ada berdasarkan kenyataan dalam hal ini menyangkut transparansi penggunaan dana reses anggota DPRD Kota Kupang periode 2019-2024. Hasil penelitian adalah Melalui Pelaksanaan kegiatan reses anggota DPRD Kota Kupang periode 2019-2024 Dapil Maulafa cukup efektif, pertanggungjawaban penggunaan dana reses dan pengawasan pelaksanaan kegiatan reses. Merupakan suatu hal yang bersifat wajib yang telah diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan maupun peraturan daerah tidak diatur secara tehnis hanya diatur tentang masa dan batas pelaksanaan reses dan reses dilakukan tiga kali dalam satu tahun. Dampak dari asas transparansi menunjukkan bahwa hasil dan realisasi reses anggota DPRD sudah terakomodir sehingga masyarakat sudah merasakan realisasi dari reses sebagai wadah aspirasi mereka. Fenomena ini menjadikan tingkat kehadiran masyarakat semakin bertambah karena menganggap reses itu penting

Knowledge, practice, and barriers toward cervical cancer screening in Elmina, Southern Ghana

Aims: The aims of this study were: 1) to assess the level of knowledge of women about Pap smear tests, 2) to determine the practices of women regarding Pap smear tests, and 3) to determine the barriers to Pap smear tests in Elmina, Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 392 randomly selected sexually active females aged 10–74 years using structured interview questions. The Institutional Review Board of the University of Cape Coast gave ethical approval for the study and informed consent was obtained from participants. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (v19.0) using frequencies, chi-square test, and exploratory factor analysis. Results: The results revealed that 68.4% had never heard about cervical cancer, 93.6% had no knowledge on the risk factors, nine (2.3%) reported multiple sexual partners and being sexually active as risk factors, and 92% did not know about the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. The majority (97.7%) had never heard of the Pap smear test. Only three (0.8%) women out of 392 had had a Pap smear test. Reasons for seeking a Pap smear test included referral, fear of cervical cancer, and radio campaigns. A significant association was found between institutional and personal barriers and having a Pap smear test. Conclusion: Comprehensive education on cervical cancer screening and removal of access barriers are critical in reducing risk associated with the disease and promoting women\u27s health

The making of an entertainment revolution: How the TV format trade became a global industry

From its humble origins in the 1950s, the TV format industry has become a global trade worth billions of Euros per year. Few viewers are aware that their favourite shows may be local adaptations but formats represent a significant percentage of European broadcasting schedules in access prime time and prime time. Formatted brands exist in all TV genres and reach almost every country in the world. This article defends the thesis that the format business turned into a global industry in the late 1990s. Before this turning point, the few formatted programmes were most likely American game shows that travelled slowly and to a limited number of territories. Following an overview of this early period, this article examines the convergence of factors that created a world format market. These include the emergence of four exceptional formats (Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Survivor, Big Brother and Idols), the formation of a programming market, the rise of the independent production sector, and the globalization of information flows within the TV industry