Estudo de caso : avaliação do impacto no desempenho e satisfação da força de trabalho com a reestruturação organizacional do departamento de gestão integrada (DGI) - UFRGS

A administração pública no Brasil é um tema bastante estudado e criticado por diversos autores, pois ainda está imersa em dúvidas acerca das melhores governanças, práticas de gestão e estruturas organizacionais que impactem positivamente o desempenho e, consequentemente, promova o crescimento e vigor dessas instituições. O setor da administração pública em nosso país é constantemente criticado pela disfunção da burocracia pertinente ao sistema, bem como a dificuldade de acompanhar as mudanças que são vivenciadas pelo setor privado, por exemplo. No presente trabalho, é realizado um estudo de caso no Departamento de Gestão Integrada (DGI) da PROPLAN – UFRGS (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), que passou por mudanças na sua atuação e função como departamento perante a instituição. As modificações que foram propostas ao departamento podem ser divididas em dois campos. O primeiro em relação à orientação e função do departamento como um todo, que também influenciou uma mudança de mesmo teor em suas divisões internas. O segundo campo, pelo qual as modificações passaram, é o da força de trabalho, ou seja, pessoas. Em outras palavras, uma realocação de funções que promovesse um melhor aproveitamento das competências dos membros foi promovida. O presente estudo traça um paralelo entre o período anterior as modificações em contraste com o período após as modificações, verificando, junto ao departamento, questões ligadas ao desempenho e satisfação das pessoas que trabalham nesse espaço. Com os resultados, foi possível concluir que houve um aumento na satisfação geral dos membros, bem como aspectos relativos ao desempenho foram impactados positivamente pelas mudanças promovidas no DGI.Public administration in Brazil is a theme widely studied and criticized by authors in this area, because it stills immerged in doubts concerning the best managing practices, governance and organizational structures that impact positively the performance and, as a result, generate growth in this kind of institutions. The public administration sector in Brazil is constantly criticized by its burocracy disfunction related to the system it is involved, as well as a strong effort to be up to date with the changes that happen in the private sector of the economy. In this study, its presented a case study in the “Departamento de Gestão Integrada - (DGI)” which can be understood as the department responsible for the strategy deployment in the institution, that has been under several changes in its function an operation towards the university (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS). The changes on the department can be split in two, in order to be easily understood. The first is related to the orientation and function of the entire department, that influenced changes in its intern divisions. The second point in which the changes went through is people functions in the department. In other words, shifts in personal roles in the department aiming a better exploitation of each ones capacities and competences was implemented. This case study draws a parallel between the period before the changes and after them, verifying issues linked to the department’s overall performance and personal satisfaction with the role each person has in the organization. Analyzing the results, it was possible to conclude an increase in people satisfaction and aspects related to the department’s performance

Image formation mechanisms in three-dimensional aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy

This thesis considers the theory and calculations of image formation mechanisms for various modes of three-dimensional imaging in aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Discrete tomography is used to determine and refine the three-dimensional structure of molecular nanowire bundles. The structure determination is expedited by the use of annular dark-field imaging, an incoherent imaging mode which provides directly interpretable images. The development of spherical aberration correctors and the subsequent reduction in probe sizes, including the depth of field, has made optical depth sectioning a feasible technique. The localisation in three dimensions of substitutional impurity atoms in zone-axis imaging is discussed. Both the channelling of the probe and the pre-focussing effect of the atomic column play an important role in determining the depth response of the impurity atom. Interband scattering within a sample is shown to be influential in imaging crystals containing dislocations and optical depth sectioning is explored as a possible option for overcoming surface relaxation effects in the imaging of screw dislocations end-on. The possibility of extending the optical depth sectioning approach using aberration-corrected scanning confocal electron microscopy is discussed. The coherent and incoherent imaging modes, involving elastically and inelastically scattered electrons respectively, are investigated. </p

A Bloch wave analysis of optical sectioning in aberration-corrected STEM.

The reduction in the focal depth of field that occurs through the use of larger apertures in aberration-corrected STEM allows three-dimensional information to be retrieved by optical depth sectioning. This paper explores depth sectioning in zone-axis crystals using Bloch wave calculations. By decomposing the calculation into the contribution from individual states and from individual partial plane waves in the convergent cone of illumination, we explain the form of the electron intensity in the crystal as a function of depth. Two separate effects are found that can cause the intensity maximum to deviate from that of the expected defocus value. Firstly it is found that the unbound, high angle excited states give rise to a behaviour similar to that of the probe focusing in the vacuum, but with a prefocusing effect due to the lensing effect of the potential of the atomic column. Superimposed upon this prefocused peak is an oscillation due to interference between the channelling 1s state and the rest of the wavefunction. This oscillation can actually prevent an intensity maximum being formed at certain depths in the crystal, and will complicate the interpretation of optical sectioning data

Imaging modes for scanning confocal electron microscopy in a double aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope.

Aberration correction leads to reduced focal depth of field in the electron microscope. This reduced depth of field can be exploited to probe specific depths within a sample, a process known as optical sectioning. An electron microscope fitted with aberration correctors for both the pre- and postspecimen optics can be used in a confocal mode that provides improved depth resolution and selectivity over optical sectioning in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). In this article we survey the coherent and incoherent imaging modes that are likely to be used in scanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM) and provide simple expressions to describe the images that result. Calculations compare the depth response of SCEM to optical sectioning in the STEM. The depth resolution in a crystalline matrix is also explored by performing a Bloch wave calculation for the SCEM geometry in which the pre- and postspecimen optics are defocused away from their confocal conditions

Three-dimensional imaging by optical sectioning in the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope.

The depth resolution for optical sectioning in the scanning transmission electron microscope is measured using the results of optical sectioning experiments of laterally extended objects. We show that the depth resolution depends on the numerical aperture of the objective lens as expected. We also find, however, that the depth resolution depends on the lateral extent of the object that is being imaged owing to a missing cone of information in the transfer function. We find that deconvolution methods generally have limited usefulness in this case, but that three-dimensional information can still be obtained with the aid of prior information for specific samples such as those consisting of supported nanoparticles. We go on to review how a confocal geometry may improve the depth resolution for extended objects. Finally, we present a review of recent work exploring the effect of dynamical diffraction in zone-axis-aligned crystals on the optical sectioning process

Selection rules for Bloch wave scattering for HREM imaging of imperfect crystals along symmetry axes

International audienceA Bloch wave analysis is used to investigate high-resolution electron microscope (HREM) imaging of crystals containing atomic displacements due to strain. In the absence of interband scattering, the shifts of peaks and troughs in the image will correspond to the displacements of the atoms in the exit surface. Interband scattering will shift the image peaks away from the actual atom positions and modify the apparent magnitude of the displacement identified by the observed image peak positions. By considering the case of seven-beam imaging of a cubic crystal aligned along a axis, it is shown that the symmetry of the Bloch waves lead to selection rules for the interband scattering, similar to those seen for dipole electron excitations in atoms. It is also shown that, to first order, no intraband scattering can occur

Quantification of ADF STEM images of molybdenum chalcogenide nanowires

Molybdenum chalcogenide nanowires have potential applications in some of the same areas as carbon nanotubes but are, as yet, not as well understood structurally. Previous investigations to determine atomic structure using x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy have been inconclusive. Images obtained using an annular dark field detector in an aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope have provided an additional means of structure determination. Simulations of the electron scattering within the sample were performed by including thermal diffuse scattering into a multislice routine. Such simulations allow insight into the location of certain atomic species and the nature of the packing into bundles of the wires. It is also shown that for structure refinement, a simple object function approach is sufficient, rather than a full dynamical calculation

Three-dimensional imaging using aberration-corrected scanning transmission and confocal electron microscopy

A reduction in the focal depth of field as a result of the installation of aberration correctors in scanning transmission electron microscopy, allows three-dimensional information to be retrieved by optical depth sectioning. A three-dimensional representation of the specimen is achieved by recording a series of images over a range of focal values. Optical depth sectioning in zone-axis crystals is explored computationally using a Bloch wave analysis to explain the form of the electron intensity in the crystal as a function of depth. We find that the intensity maximum deviates from that of the expected defocus value due to pre-focusing by the atomic column and also due to channelling pendellosung. The possibility of performing bright-field imaging in a double corrected two lens system in a confocal arrangement is also investigated computationally. The method offers some advantages over depth sectioning using conventional transmission electron microscopy. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd