The Common European Sales Law\u27s Compliance with the Subsidiarity Principle of the European Union

The European Union is considering a proposal to create a uniform sales law that would apply to cross-border sales agreements: the Common European Sales Law (CESL). If adopted, the CESL would be an optional instrument: traders could write their contracts with other traders and consumers to make the CESL govern their sales contracts. This Comment addresses whether the CESL complies with the EUs subsidiarity principle, which prohibits the EUfrom passing any regulations that address matters that can be sufficiently addressed by lower government authorities. One of the EU\u27s primacy objective is completing the internal market among the member states, which the CESL would allegedly encourage by reducing traders\u27 legal costs in cross-border trade. Ultimately, however, the CESL violates the subsidiarity principle precisely because of its optional nature. Traders seeking to engage in cross- border trade will not willingly choose to operate under a legal regime with no preexisting case law, no guarantees of consistent rulings by member states\u27 judiciaries, provisions that prevent the CESL\u27s broader application outside of sales contracts, and particularly high consumer protections

Visioning change:Co-producing a model of involvement and engagement in research

The involvement of people living with dementia in research has traditionally been located in the realms of 'subject' or 'participant'. However, there has been an increase in demand for greater transparency by academic bidding teams (particularly within the UK) in demonstrating how people with a lived experience have been and will be involved in the research process. Located within the Economic and Social Research Council/National Institute for Health Research (ESRC/NIHR)-funded Neighbourhoods and Dementia Study (2014-2019), led by The University of Manchester (UK), this paper outlines the development of the CO-researcher INvolvement and Engagement in Dementia (COINED) Model, which was co-produced alongside three independent groups of people living with dementia: Open Doors, the Scottish Dementia Working Group and EDUCATE

Human factors in the design of sustainable built environments

Scientific research provides convincing evidence that climate change is having significant impacts on many aspects of life. In the built-environment domain, regulatory requirements are pushing the challenges of environmental, economic, and social sustainability at the core of the professional agenda, although the aims of carbon reduction and energy conservation are frequently given a priority over occupants' comfort, well-being, and satisfaction. While most practitioners declare to embrace sustainability as a driver of their professional approach, a general lack of integrated creative and technical skills hinders the design of buildings centred on articulate and comprehensive sustainability goals, encompassing, other than energy criteria, also human-centred and ethical values founded on competent and informed consideration of the requirements of the site, the programme, and the occupants. Built environments are designed by humans to host a range of human activities. In response, this article aims to endorse a sustainable approach to design founded on the knowledge arising from scholarly and evidence-based research, exploring principles and criteria for the creation and operation of human habitats that can respond to energy and legislative demands, mitigate their environmental impacts, and adapt to new climate scenarios, while elevating the quality of experience and delight to those occupying them

The Common European Sales Law\u27s Compliance with the Subsidiarity Principle of the European Union

The European Union is considering a proposal to create a uniform sales law that would apply to cross-border sales agreements: the Common European Sales Law (CESL). If adopted, the CESL would be an optional instrument: traders could write their contracts with other traders and consumers to make the CESL govern their sales contracts. This Comment addresses whether the CESL complies with the EUs subsidiarity principle, which prohibits the EUfrom passing any regulations that address matters that can be sufficiently addressed by lower government authorities. One of the EU\u27s primacy objective is completing the internal market among the member states, which the CESL would allegedly encourage by reducing traders\u27 legal costs in cross-border trade. Ultimately, however, the CESL violates the subsidiarity principle precisely because of its optional nature. Traders seeking to engage in cross- border trade will not willingly choose to operate under a legal regime with no preexisting case law, no guarantees of consistent rulings by member states\u27 judiciaries, provisions that prevent the CESL\u27s broader application outside of sales contracts, and particularly high consumer protections

EDUCATE - End-user Courses in Information Access through Communication Technology

This paper will describe the EDUCATE project for end-user training in information access. EDUCATE is a CEC Libraries Programme Project which involves six members: Limerick University, Ireland (co-ordinator) and the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, France, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Imperial College and Plymouth University, United Kingdom and the University of Barcelona, Spain. The aim of the EDUCATE project is to produce a new type of model self-paced user education course in the selection and use of information tools. The courses will be distributed by means of the academic communication networks. EDUCATE courses will be produced within two subject areas: physics and electrical and electronic engineering . The EDUCATE project started in February 1994 and will run for a period of three years. The paper starts with an introduction describing the need for courses in Information Literacy. It continues with a discussion on course design and the use of networks for tr..

Visioning change: Co-producing a model of involvement and engagement in research (Innovative Practice)

The involvement of people living with dementia in research has traditionally been located in the realms of ‘subject’ or ‘participant’. However, there has been an increase in demand for greater transparency by academic bidding teams (particularly within the UK) in demonstrating how people with a lived experience have been and will be involved in the research process. Located within the Economic and Social Research Council/National Institute for Health Research (ESRC/NIHR)-funded Neighbourhoods and Dementia Study (2014–2019), led by The University of Manchester (UK), this paper outlines the development of the CO-researcher INvolvement and Engagement in Dementia (COINED) Model, which was co-produced alongside three independent groups of people living with dementia: Open Doors, the Scottish Dementia Working Group and EDUCATE

Education for Sustainable Environmental Design | The EDUCATE Project Summary of Results

Environmental Design in University Curricula and Architectural Training in Europe www.educate-sustainability.eu Supported by: Intelligent Energy Europe ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligen