Equivalência conceitual, de itens e semântica da versão brasileira do instrumento Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System (DVSS) para avaliação de disfunção do trato urinário inferior em crianças Conceptual, item, and semantic equivalence of the Brazilian version of the Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System (DVSS) instrument for evaluating lower urinary tract dysfunction in children

Investiga-se a equivalência conceitual, de itens e semântica entre o instrumento Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System (DVSS), utilizado para avaliar a disfunção funcional do trato urinário inferior em crianças, concebido em inglês e uma versão em português. Na primeira etapa realizou-se a avaliação da equivalência conceitual e de itens, seguida de duas traduções do instrumento original para o português. Na segunda etapa foram realizadas 63 entrevistas, com crianças de 3 a 10 anos e responsáveis, e modificação de itens segundo dificuldades de interpretação. Na terceira etapa foi realizada a retradução do instrumento em português para o inglês e avaliação da equivalência semântica. Na quarta etapa, a versão pré-teste foi aplicada em vinte duplas de crianças de 3 a 10 anos e responsáveis. Apresenta-se o instrumento em português com equivalência conceitual, de itens e semântica. Sugere-se que a aplicação do DVSS seja realizada por meio de entrevista por profissional treinado e não baseada em autopreenchimento como proposto no instrumento original.<br>This article investigates the conceptual, item, and semantic equivalence between the Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System (DVSS) originally developed in English and a Portuguese-language version for use in Brazil. The instrument is used to evaluate lower urinary tract dysfunction in children. The first stage evaluated the conceptual and item equivalence, followed by two independent translations of the original instrument into Portuguese. In the second stage, 63 individuals were interviewed and items were modified according to difficulties in interpretation. In the third stage, the Portuguese instrument was back-translated into English, and the semantic equivalence was evaluated, based on referential and general (connotative) meaning. In the fourth stage, the pre-test version of the instrument was applied to 20 individuals from the target population. The Portuguese version of the instrument is presented with conceptual, item, and semantic equivalence. Nevertheless, unlike the original instrument, DVSS information collection was more adequate for the Brazilian population when performed through interviews as compared to self-applied questionnaires

Effects of resistance training, detraining, and retraining on strength and functional capacity in elderly

Background: The interruption of training (detraining) results in loss of the gains acquired. Partial retention could occur after detraining, and variation in training stimuli may optimize retraining adaptations. Aim: To evaluate the effect of a resistance-retraining program on strength and functional capacity performance after a detraining period. Methods: Ten elderly men and women (63–68 years) completed 12 weeks of training, 16 weeks of detraining, and 8 weeks of retraining. One-repetition maximum (1-RM) at 45° leg press, maximum isometric knee extension torque, rate of torque development (RTD), 30-s sit-to-stand, timed up and go, and stair ascent and descent tests were assessed. Results: The 1-RM increased after training (p 0.05). For RTD and 30-s sit-to-stand, there was an increase after retraining when compared to pre-training values (p < 0.05). For timed up and go and stair ascent and descent, reductions were observed between pre-training and post-training periods (p < 0.05), only timed up and go increased after the detraining period (p < 0.01). Discussion: After 16 weeks of detraining, the maximum strength did not return to baseline levels, and a retraining with explosive strength exercise sessions can recover maximum strength gains, RTD, and functional capacity at the same level obtained after a detraining period. Conclusions: The inclusion of an explosive strength session in retraining period improves RTD and 30-s sit-to-stand performance and can accelerate the recovery of strength after a detraining period.</p

Wave data assimilation using a hybrid approach in the Persian Gulf

The main goal of this study is to develop an efficient approach for the assimilation of the hindcasted wave parameters in the Persian Gulf. Hence, the third generation SWAN model was employed for wave modeling forced by the 6-h ECMWF wind data with a resolution of 0.5஠In situ wave measurements at two stations were utilized to evaluate the assimilation approaches. It was found that since the model errors are not the same for wave height and period, adaptation of model parameter does not result in simultaneous and comprehensive improvement of them. Therefore, an approach based on the error prediction and updating of output variables was employed to modify wave height and period. In this approach, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to estimate the deviations between the simulated and measured wave parameters. The results showed that updating of output variables leads to significant improvement in a wide range of the predicted wave characteristics. It was revealed that the best input parameters for error prediction networks are mean wind speed, mean wind direction, wind duration, and the wave parameters. In addition, combination of the ANN estimated error with numerically modeled wave parameters leads to further improvement in the predicted wave parameters in contrast to direct estimation of the parameters by ANN.Full Tex