2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a pathological process characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the epicardial arteries, whether obstructive or non-obstructive. This process can be modified by lifestyle adjustments, pharmacological therapies, and invasive interventions designed to achieve disease stabilization or regression. The disease can have long, stable periods but can also become unstable at any time, typically due to an acute atherothrombotic event caused by plaque rupture or erosion. However, the disease is chronic, most often progressive, and hence serious, even in clinically apparently silent periods. The dynamic nature of the CAD process results in various clinical presentations, which can be conveniently categorized as either acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). The Guidelines presented here refer to the management of patients with CCS. The natural history of CCS is illustrated in Figure 1

Corrigendum to “2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk” (Atherosclerosis (2019) 290 (140–205), (S0021915019314595), (10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014))

In row 4 of Table 3, ‘should’ should read as ‘may’; In 4.2.1, paragraph 3, ‘should’ should read ‘may’ to read ‘Overall, CAC score assessment with CT may be considered in individuals … ’ Also in the second row of ‘Recommendations for cardiovascular imaging for risk assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,’ the Class should read ‘llb’; In the second paragraph of 7.5.2, ‘5–10 mg of monacolin K’ should read ‘2.5–10 mg’; and in the Key messages section, number 4, ‘ApoB may be a better measure of an individual's exposure to atherosclerotic lipoproteins' should read ‘ApoB may be a better measure of an individual's exposure to pro atherogenic lipoproteins'