Pengaruh Perputaran Modal Kerja dan Perputaran Persediaan terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Property dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2009-2013

Penelitian ini menjelaskan hubungan perputaran modal kerja dan perputaran persediaan terhadap tingkat profitabilitas Perusahaan property dan real estate serta seberapa besar pengaruh dari perputaran modal kerja dan perputaran persediaan terhadap profitabilitas Perusahaan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh hubungan antara perputaran modal kerja dan perputaran persediaan terhadap profitabilitas (ROI) Perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear sederhana. Penelitian ini diuji dengan uji analisis regresi sederhana, uji t-test, dan uji koefisien determinasi. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder dengan menggunakan laporan keuangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari 47 sampel Perusahaan property dan real estate periode 2009 sampai 2013. Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen modal kerja dengan indikator perputaran modal kerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas sedangkan indikator perputaran persediaan berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas Perusahaan property dan real estate periode 2009-2013

Aluminum toxicity and resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris - physiology drives molecular biology

biology

Analysis of Stallholder Farmers’ Participation in Agricultural Extension Services in Yayo and Hurumu Districts of Oromia, South-West Ethiopia

This study examines farmers’ participation and applicability of agricultural extension service demonstration in Yayo and Hurumu districts of Oromia, South-West Ethiopia. Specifically, it aims to evaluate factors determining households’ participation in agricultural extension service; applicability of the extension service field demonstration; and major sources of information from where rural households get information about the service. The primary data was collected from 143 household heads selected based on systematic random sampling from four Kebeles, and interview conducted with 10 key informants. Analysis is made by descriptive and inferential statistics. Ordered logit econometric model is used with robustness test. Marginal effect is used to interpret the effect of explanatory variables on the dependent variable. Result of the study reveals that about 15.3% of literate households frequently participate in the extension service while only 4.23% of illiterate households fall under the category of frequently participating in the service. Factors determining households’ participation in extension service include; age, sex, farming experience, family size, economic status, experience in extension service, DAs contact with farmers, DAs politeness, and farmers’ access to social networks. Among these, except age of household which is negatively related to the degree of participation in extension service, all other variables are positively influencing households’ participation in the extension service. The study also indicates that applicability of the field demonstration through farmers’ farm visit, demonstration at FTCs, and model farmers’ approach of scaling-up best practices are ineffective. The main sources of information through which rural households get information about extension service include development agents, neighbors/relatives, social networks, Kebele administration, and mass media. But, about 90% of the sampled households argued that the contribution of NGOs and model farmers’ in information dissemination and technology transfer has been poor. The policy implication is that government has to make the extension service delivery approach more demand driven and pluralistic where different multi-extension service providers such as farmers’ union, NGOs and private sectors can contribute their part. To promote participation of private and NGOs particularly local NGOs, government better design legal frameworks through which stakeholders could involve in providing agricultural extension service. Keywords: Extension service, FTCs, FFS, Model farmers, Social networks. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-21-02 Publication date: November 30th 202

FORECAST OF CORONA VIRUS DISEASE (COVID–19) IN ETHIOPIA BASED ON CONFIRMED CASES UP TO 14TH OCTOBER 2020

An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model is a set of statistical models for forecasting time series data. Briefly, Auto regression uses the dependent relationship between an observation and lagged observations; integrated uses of differencing of raw observations; and Moving Average uses the dependency between an observation and a residual error. The ARIMA (2, 2, 2) forecasted the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19, based on the time between March 2020 and October 2020 at 95% confidence interval. The result of daily report peaked in April 2020 in the country and slightly decreased after April 2020, evidenced by the challenged responses that invested in controlling the pandemic in the country. The maximum, predicted new case per day was 672 and the minimum predicted was 386 cases per day till half of December 2020. Furthermore, the total number of predicted confirmed cases of COVID-19 might reach around 119, 015 until half December 2020. In general, if the government of Ethiopia ceased controlling mechanisms of COVID-19, then the pandemic may relapse again and affects the country more. Hence, this study suggested that proactive stepladder implements control mechanisms. Thus, all the concerned organizations can develop policies based on the result of the study

Role of Women in Tulama Oromo Gada System: The Case of Ilu, South-West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State

This study deals with the role of women in Gada system in Tulama Oromo of Ilu. Gada is an indigenous institution that incorporates political, social and economic issues of the Oromo. In this institution, Women have their own role and status in the political, social and economic affairs of the Oromo society. The objective of this study is to examine the role of women among Tulama Oromo of Ilu Gada system. To achieve this objective, both primary and secondary data was used. Accordingly, interview, focus group discussion and participant observation were employed to collect data. For this purpose, informants were selected from Abba Gada (father of Gada), Luba, Jaartii Cifree (wife of Yuba (retired Gada elder)), Haadha Siiqqee (wife of Abba Gada, Luba), community elders and culture and tourism office from government officials. These informants were participated in interview, focus group discussion. In such way, 36 informants were directly involved in the study. In anthropological studies, analysis is an instrument to extract meanings and interpretation from the data obtained during fieldwork. In such manner, data were presented in a qualitative type. The findings of the study show that women have tremendous role in gada system. In this case, no event or no ceremonies take place without the full participation of women. Women were basically represented and/or play a significant role through different institutions such as Siiqqee and other ritual ceremonies and institutions working as check and balances for protecting women’s right in general. Hence, without participation of women, the Oromoo socio-political practices could be meaningless. That is to say, any social, political and economic practice irrespective of women may not be fruitful. Based on the research findings, some recommendations were forwarded that strengthen understanding of Gada system. Key terms: Gadaa system; Oromo; Women; Tulama; Ilu. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-02 Publication date: February 29th 202

Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress in root tips of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Previous studies have shown that polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress (OS) reduces cell-wall (CW) porosity and limits aluminium (Al) uptake by root tips of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A subsequent transcriptomic study suggested that genes related to CW processes are involved in adjustment to OS. In this study, a proteomic and phosphoproteomic approach was applied to identify OS-induced protein regulation to further improve our understanding of how OS affects Al accumulation. Analysis of total soluble proteins in root tips indicated that, in total, 22 proteins were differentially regulated by OS; these proteins were functionally categorized. Seventy-seven per- cent of the total expressed proteins were involved in metabolic pathways, particularly of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. An analysis of the apoplastic proteome revealed that OS reduced the level of five proteins and increased that of seven proteins. Investigation of the total soluble phosphoproteome suggested that dehydrin responded to OS with an enhanced phosphorylation state without a change in abundance. A cellular immunolocalization analysis indicated that dehydrin was localized mainly in the CW. This suggests that dehydrin may play a major protective role in the OS-induced physical breakdown of the CW structure and thus maintenance of the reversibility of CW extensibility during recovery from OS. The proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses provided novel insights into the complex mechanisms of OS-induced reduction of Al accumulation in the root tips of common bean and highlight a key role for modification of CW structure.BMZ/GTZ/05.7860.9-001.00BMZ/GTZ/05.7860.9-001.0

EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Beliefs in Teaching and Learning English Speaking Skills in the Multilingual Classrooms: Teachers and First Year Students at Wolkite University in Focus

This study aimed to investigate EFL teachers’ and first year students’ beliefs in teaching and learning English speaking skills in the multilingual classrooms of Wolkite University. To this end, the research design employed for this study is descriptive survey design which makes use of quantitative method for data analyses. Therefore, the quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire from thirty-nine (39) teachers and two hundred fifty-one (251) students’ that were selected using simple random sampling techniques. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The results from the qualitative data analyses revealed that the teachers and students believe that teaching and learning English speaking skills is possible in multilingual EFL classrooms provided that appropriate pedagogy which entertains the linguistic diversity is applied. The teachers and students believe that teaching and learning English speaking skills in multilingual classroom by itself has no problem, but the inclusive pedagogy will matter to address teachers’ and students’ interests towards learning considering the existing linguistic diversities. This inclusive pedagogy helps teachers to let their students practice speaking skills.To overcome the challenges of teaching and learning English speaking skills in the classroom of linguistic diversities, multilingual pedagogy that maximizes teachers’ teaching and students’ learning capacity is recommended

THE FOOD INSECURITY STATUS OF PASTORAL AND AGRO-PASTORAL HOUSEHOLDS IN ETHIOPIA

Understanding the major causes of food insecurity is important for interventions aiming at minimizing food insecurity. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the status of food insecurity of pastoral and agro-pastoral households of Seba Boru Woreda Guji Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. In order to achieve these objectives, 112 respondents’ agro pastoralists were selected from 2 kebeles (the smallest administrative unit). To this end, both probabilities (stratified, systematic and random) and non-probability (purposive) sampling techniques were employed. Primary and secondary data were collected from various sources. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics like mean standard deviation, percentage and frequency distributions. Univariate analysis such as t-test and chi-square (χ2) were also used to describe the characteristics of food secured and food insecure groups. The survey result shows that about 60 (53.7 %) of sample respondents were food insecure while only 52 (46.3 %) were food secure. As per a binary logistic model regression, four variables such as family size, land, income, and extension service were significant at 10 % probability levels. Finally, limiting population size through integrated health and education service, intensification of agriculture through extension service by strengthening PTC (pastoral training center), are some to recommend to curb food insecurity in the area

Determination of Different Lining Materials for Reducing Seepage Loss in Water Harvesting Structures at Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

Water harvesting has been practiced for many years in several regions globally and is mainly used for domestic and agricultural purposes. Seepage losses through soils have a great influence on the performance of water harvesting structures. The experiment was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center to identify the best efficient lining material for a water harvesting pond. The experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during the off-season. Four treatments (mortar, ash, compaction alone, and bentonite) were used in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The overall analysis of the data showed a highly significant difference among the treatments. The overall findings of the study indicated that the use of various lining materials had a significant impact on seepage loss control (P 0.05). The maximum seepage rate of 19.50 cm/day was observed at T1 (compaction alone treatment), and the lowest seepage rate of 11.13 cm/day was found at treatment using T4 (bentonite). The seepage rate observed at T4 (bentonite) was 42.92% lower than the highest seepage rate at T1 (compaction alone). The physical seepage rate analysis shows that bentonite was the best lining material to control water loss from water harvesting structures and store water for a longer period than other treatments. As a result, bentonite was recommended to control water loss from water harvesting structures in similar soil types based on the lowest seepage rate