The Impact of Trade on Employment, Welfare, and Income Distribution in Unionized General Oligopolistic Equilibrium

This paper sets up a general oligopolistic equilibrium model with unionized labor markets. By accounting for productivity differences, the model features profit and wage differentials across industries. We use this setting to study the impact of trade liberalization on employment, welfare, and the distribution of income. In particular, we show that a movement from autarky to free trade with a symmetric partner country lowers union wage claims and therefore stimulates employment and raises welfare. Whether firms can extract a larger share of rents in the open economy depends on the competitive environment as well as on the degree of centralization in union wage setting. Finally, the distribution of profit income across firm owners remains unaffected, while the distribution of wage income becomes more equal when a country opens up to trade.general oligopolistic equilibrium, unionized labor market, trade liberalization, income distribution

Leading the Practice in Layered Enterprise Architecture

While Enterprise Architecture (EA) causes organisations to think, work and model in domains, there are inadequacies in such a waterfall approach. By restating domains as layers, i.e. LEAD (Layered Enterprise Architecture Design/ Development) based on the LEAD Enterprise Ontology, EA performs better in enterprise layers and levels of abstraction. Through LEAD, the domain relationships are also better captured, hence leading the advancement of agile EA

Laser measuring system for wire-wrapped frame assemblies

The laser measuring system is designed to automatically measure and record the distances between small diameter wires on a wire wrapped grid frame assembly to an accuracy of 0.00635 mm (0.00025 in.). The system utilizes a helium-neon gas laser beam as the measuring instrument with a remote interferometer and retroreflector, a light source and photodetector to detect the wire positions, in conjunction with recording, display and printout units. The laser measuring system is utilized to perform precise automatic measurements for wire application machines or as an automatic feedback device for positioning wires and/or to adjust them for out of tolerance conditions

Gage monitors quality of cross-wire resistance welds

Gage nondestructively monitors the quality of cross-wire resistance welds during the welding operation. The gage gives a dial indication of the relative embedment of the cross wires during the actual welding operation. A direct relationship exists between the depth of embedment and both weld strength and consistency

Laser measuring system for incremental assemblies

Wire-wrapped frame assemblies used in spark chambers and the like can be measured using a system which utilizes a laser, an interferometer, and a retroreflector to precisely measure distance. A light source and a photodetector are located adjacent the incremental assembly and mounted on a movable carriage. The interferometer is also mounted on the movable carriage, while the laser and retroreflector are positioned at either end of the carriage track. The carriage is moved along one edge of the incremental assembly between the retroreflector and the laser, and as the carriage is moved, the light from the light source to the photodetector is interrupted. This produces a trigger command to a control unit which in turn causes a distance measurement to be made. A printout is provided for each sampling trigger command to list such items as ideal position, actual position and amount of error

The Impact of Trade on Employment, Welfare, and Income Distribution in Unionized General Oligopolistic Equilibrium

This paper sets up a general oligopolistic equilibrium model with unionized labor markets. By accounting for productivity dierences, the model features prot and wage dierentials across industries. We use this setting to study the impact of trade liberalization on employment, welfare, and the distribution of income. In particular, we show that a movement from autarky to free trade with a symmetric partner country lowers union wage claims and therefore stimulates employment and raises welfare. Whether rms can extract a larger share of rents in the open economy depends on the competitive environment as well as on the degree of centralization in union wage setting. Finally, the distribution of proft income across firm owners remains unaffected, while the distribution of wage income becomes more equal when a country opens up to trade.General oligopolistic equilibrium, Unionized labor market, Trade liberalization, Income distribution

Absolute dimensions of detached eclipsing binaries. I. The metallic-lined system WW Aurigae

WW Aurigae is a detached eclipsing binary composed of two metallic-lined A-type stars orbiting each other every 2.5 days. We have determined the masses and radii of both components to accuracies of 0.4 and 0.6 percent, respectively. From a cross-correlation analysis of high-resolution spectra we find masses of 1.964 +/- 0.007 Msun for the primary star and 1.814 +/- 0.007 Msun for the secondary star. From an analysis of photoelectric uvby and UBV light curves we find the radii of the stars to be 1.927 +/- 0.011 Rsun and 1.841 +/- 0.011 Rsun, where the uncertainties have been calculated using a Monte Carlo algorithm. Fundamental effective temperatures of the two stars have been derived, using the Hipparcos parallax of WW Aur and published ultraviolet, optical and infrared fluxes, and are 7960 +/- 420 and 7670 +/- 410 K. The masses, radii and effective temperatures of WW Aur are only matched by theoretical evolutionary models for a fractional initial metal abundance, Z, of approximately 0.06 and an age of roughly 90 Myr. This seems to be the highest metal abundance inferred for a well-studied detached eclipsing binary, but we find no evidence that it is related to the metallic-lined nature of the stars. The circular orbit of WW Aur is in conflict with the circularization timescales of both the Tassoul and the Zahn tidal theories and we suggest that this is due to pre-main-sequence evolution or the presence of a circular orbit when the stars were formed.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (14 pages, 8 figures). Photometric data will be made available at the CDS once the final version appear