Electrochemical sensors and devices for heavy metals assay in water: the French groups’ contribution

A great challenge in the area of heavy metal trace detection is the development of electrochemical techniques and devices which are user-friendly, robust, selective, with low detection limits and allowing fast analyses. This review presents the major contribution of the French scientific academic community in the field of electrochemical sensors and electroanalytical methods within the last 20 years. From the well-known polarography to the up-to-date generation of functionalized interfaces, the different strategies dedicated to analytical performances improvement are exposed: stripping voltammetry, solid mercury-free electrode, ion selective sensor, carbon based materials, chemically modified electrodes, nano-structured surfaces. The paper particularly emphasizes their advantages and limits face to the last Water Frame Directive devoted to the Environmental Quality Standards for heavy metals. Recent trends on trace metal speciation as well as on automatic “on line” monitoring devices are also evoked

The boron-doped diamond for an all-in-one system of mineralization and detection of lead in waters

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were used in a single-compartment electrochemical cell including the degradation of organic matter (OM) and the detection of lead in water. Using sulfuric acid as electrolyte, the mineralization step was almost complete after 20 min under galvanostatic electrolysis conditions whatever the OM (i.e. phenol or humic acid (HA)). Nevertheless, H2SO4 was not suitable for samples containing Pb(II) since it induces PbSO4 precipitation. On the another hand, the use of HNO3 resulted in a decrease in the HA degradation yield down to 30 % but still 90 % for phenol without any interference with respect to lead detection. Under these latter experimental conditions, the assay of Pb(II) was performed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The BDD electrode exhibited a linear response in the range 1 – 10 ppm with a normalized sensitivity of 2.66 nC ppm-1 min-1. Accurate results were obtained in solutions containing 20 ppm phenol, compared to reference technique analysi

Les effets du rayonnement solaire sur la peau : de la photoprotection naturelle à l'emploi d'agents photoprotecteurs

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Lésions cérébrales induites par hypoxie ou hypoxie-ischémie prénatale (étude par immunohistochimie et imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire (IRM))

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Quantifying the resuspension of sediment and associated metallic contaminants with fallout radionuclide measurements in a channelized river draining an industrial catchment

International audienc

Electrochemical Detection and Quantification of Lead and Nickel Traces Using a Boron Doped Diamond Electrode

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Tracing the origin of suspended sediment in a large Mediterranean river by combining continuous river monitoring and measurement of artificial and natural radionuclides

International audienceDelivery of suspended sediment from large rivers to marine environments has important environmental impacts on coastal zones. In France, the Rhone River (catchment area of 98,000 km2) is by far the main supplier of sediment to the Mediterranean Sea and its annual solid discharge is largely controlled by flood events. This study investigates the relevance of alternative and original fingerprinting techniques based on the relative abundances of a series of radionuclides measured routinely at the Rhone River outlet to quantify the relative contribution of sediment supplied by the main tributaries during floods. Floods were classified according to the relative contribution of the main subcatchments (i.e., Oceanic, Cevenol, extensive Mediterranean and generalised). Between 2000 and 2012, 221 samples of suspended sediment were collected at the outlet and were shown to be representative of all flood types that occurred during the last decade. Three geogenic radionuclides (i.e., 238U, 232Th and 40K) were used as fingerprints in a multivariate mixing model in order to estimate the relative contribution of the main subcatchment sources—characterised by different lithologies—in sediment samples collected at the outlet. Results showed that total sediment supply originating from Pre-Alpine, Upstream, and Cevenol sources amounted to 10, 7 and 2.10^6 tons, respectively. These results highlight the role of Pre-Alpine tributaries as the main sediment supplier (53%) to the Rhone River during floods. Other fingerprinting approaches based on artificial radionuclide activity ratios (i.e., 137Cs/239 + 240Pu and 238Pu/239 + 240Pu) were tested and provided a way to quantify sediment remobilisation or the relative contributions of the southern tributaries. In the future, fingerprinting methods based on natural radionuclides should be further applied to catchments with heterogeneous lithologies. Methods based on artificial radionuclides should be further applied to catchments characterised by heterogeneous post-Chernobyl 137Cs deposition or by specific releases of radioactive effluents

La chimio-sorption transmembranaire (TMCS) pour la valorisation de l’ammonium contenu dans des effluents concentrés : urine et digestat

International audienc