Generalized ghost dark energy in Brans-Dicke theory

It was argued that the vacuum energy of the Veneziano ghost field of QCD, in a time-dependent background, can be written in the general form, $H + O(H^2)$, where $H$ is the Hubble parameter. Based on this, a phenomenological dark energy model whose energy density is of the form $\rho=\alpha H+\beta H^{2}$ was recently proposed to explain the dark energy dominated universe. In this paper, we investigate this generalized ghost dark energy model in the setup of Brans-Dicke cosmology. We study the cosmological implications of this model. In particular, we obtain the equation of state and the deceleration parameters and a differential equation governing the evolution of this dark energy model. It is shown that the equation of state parameter of the generalized ghost dark energy can cross the phantom line ($w_D=-1$) in some range of the parameters spaces.Comment: 8 Pages, 2figure

Free Rota-Baxter algebras and rooted trees

A Rota-Baxter algebra, also known as a Baxter algebra, is an algebra with a linear operator satisfying a relation, called the Rota-Baxter relation, that generalizes the integration by parts formula. Most of the studies on Rota-Baxter algebras have been for commutative algebras. Two constructions of free commutative Rota-Baxter algebras were obtained by Rota and Cartier in the 1970s and a third one by Keigher and one of the authors in the 1990s in terms of mixable shuffles. Recently, noncommutative Rota-Baxter algebras have appeared both in physics in connection with the work of Connes and Kreimer on renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory, and in mathematics related to the work of Loday and Ronco on dendriform dialgebras and trialgebras. This paper uses rooted trees and forests to give explicit constructions of free noncommutative Rota--Baxter algebras on modules and sets. This highlights the combinatorial nature of Rota--Baxter algebras and facilitates their further study. As an application, we obtain the unitarization of Rota-Baxter algebras.Comment: 23 page

Design of integrated pitch axis for autopilot/autothrottle and integrated lateral axis for autopilot/yaw damper for NASA TSRV airplane using integral LQG methodology

Two designs are presented for control systems for the NASA Transport System Research Vehicle (TSRV) using integral Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) methodology. The first is an integrated longitudinal autopilot/autothrottle design and the second design is an integrated lateral autopilot/yaw damper/sideslip controller design. It is shown that a systematic top-down approach to a complex design problem combined with proper application of modern control synthesis techniques yields a satisfactory solution in a reasonable period of time

Mixable Shuffles, Quasi-shuffles and Hopf Algebras

The quasi-shuffle product and mixable shuffle product are both generalizations of the shuffle product and have both been studied quite extensively recently. We relate these two generalizations and realize quasi-shuffle product algebras as subalgebras of mixable shuffle product algebras. As an application, we obtain Hopf algebra structures in free Rota-Baxter algebras.Comment: 14 pages, no figure, references update

Effect of Sintering Atmosphere on Phase Evolution of Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Powders

In the present work, pure hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite-20 wt% alumina and hydroxyapatite-20 wt% titanium mixtures were pressed and sintered in air, moist, and reduction atmospheres at 1200 C for 2 h. XRD investigations of sintered samples showed that, pure hydroxyapatite is stable in all three atmospheres. But, moist and reduction atmospheres were preferred to suppress the hydroxyapatite decomposition in hydroxyapatite -alumina and hydroxyapatite – titanium nanocomposites, respectively. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3494

A contribution to the knowledge of family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Iran

In the course of this study, the number of recorded chalcidids (Hym.: Chalcididae) from Iran increased to 42 species (including one unidentified species of the genus Lasiochalcidia Masi), of which fifteen species and four genera are new to Iranian chalcidid fauna. The family Chalcididae is repredented by three subfamilies in Iran as follows: Chalcidinae (16 species), Dirhininae (two species), and Haltichellinae (24 species). The genus Varzobia Nikol'skaya is here synonymized with Tanycoryphus Cameron and the type species transferred to that genus as Tanycoryphus tibialis (Nikol'skaya, 1960) comb. n. The species Lasiochalcidia indescripta Bouèek, 1952 stat. rev. is removed from synonymy with L. guineensis (Steffan, 1951). The validity of the species Peltochalcidia ferrierei Steffan is restored, being removed from junior synonymy with P. benoisti Steffan, and transferred to the genus Psilochalcis Kieffer. The species Peltochalcidia oranensis Bouèek, 1952 is here synonymized with P. benoisti. Complementary information on the biology, morphology and distribution of the species as well as a preliminary list of the Iranian chalcidid species are presented. (Résumé d'auteur

The effect of different diets on production and population specific growth rate of the freshwater Cladoceran Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (Muller, 1785)

In this study, effects of five different diets including green algae, Scenedesmus quadricauda, mixture of S. quadricauda and baker's yeast, cattle manure, poultry manure, mixture manure (cattle + poultry, 1:1 ratio in weight) were examined on density, specific growth rate and doubling time of freshwater Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula population, at two high and low levels of food density with three replications. The results showed that the maximum population density (184 individuals/50ml), maximum specific growth rate (SGR) (0.18/day) and minimum doubling time (Dt) (3.85 days) were obtained when C. quadrangula fed with S. quadricauda at high density (50×104 cell/ml). In addition, the minimum population density (7.3 ind/50 ml), minimum SGR (0.019 /day), and maximum Dt (36.2 days) resulted from C. quadrangula fed on cattle manure at low diet density (5mg). In this research, maximum (800±34.6µm) (Mean ±SE) and minimum (521±31.6µm) body length of C. quadrangula measured when fed with cattle manure at low diet density and S. quadricauda at high diet density, respectively. In conclusion, the results of current study illustrated that S. quadricauda as diet gave better performance for rearing of C. quadrangula compared to other diet treatments