Plea Bargaining Agreement: Its Impact To Drug Police Operations In Sta. Mesa Police Station – Manila

Plea bargaining in criminal cases is a process whereby the accused and the prosecution work out a mutually satisfactory disposition of the case, subject to court approval (daan vs. Sandiganbayan, g.R. Nos. 163972-77). The supreme court (sc) has issued new guidelines that enhanced and clarified plea bargaining in illegal drug cases where an accused seeks to plead guilty to a lesser offense for a lighter penalty. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of plea bargaining agreements on drug police operations in sta. Mesa police station, manila. The respondents were PNP personnel of sta. Mesa police station (ps-8) currently and formerly designated as station drug enforcement unit and selected barangay anti-drug abuse council (badac) members wherein persons who availed plea bargaining reside were the respondents of the study. The area of study was done at sta. Mesa police station (ps-8), manila. Santa Mesa is a district in Manila, Philippines. It was found out that the PNP personnel assessed believed that the persons who entered plea bargaining agreements have fully supported the police officers in drug police operations. An operational plan was developed to increase support for the plea bargaining agreement among arrested drug suspects

Using spatial analysis to demonstrate the heterogeneity of the cardiovascular drug-prescribing pattern in Taiwan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Geographic Information Systems (GIS) combined with spatial analytical methods could be helpful in examining patterns of drug use. Little attention has been paid to geographic variation of cardiovascular prescription use in Taiwan. The main objective was to use local spatial association statistics to test whether or not the cardiovascular medication-prescribing pattern is homogenous across 352 townships in Taiwan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The statistical methods used were the global measures of Moran's <it>I </it>and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). While Moran's <it>I </it>provides information on the overall spatial distribution of the data, LISA provides information on types of spatial association at the local level. LISA statistics can also be used to identify influential locations in spatial association analysis. The major classes of prescription cardiovascular drugs were taken from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), which has a coverage rate of over 97%. The dosage of each prescription was converted into defined daily doses to measure the consumption of each class of drugs. Data were analyzed with ArcGIS and GeoDa at the township level.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The LISA statistics showed an unusual use of cardiovascular medications in the southern townships with high local variation. Patterns of drug use also showed more low-low spatial clusters (cold spots) than high-high spatial clusters (hot spots), and those low-low associations were clustered in the rural areas.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The cardiovascular drug prescribing patterns were heterogeneous across Taiwan. In particular, a clear pattern of north-south disparity exists. Such spatial clustering helps prioritize the target areas that require better education concerning drug use.</p

Post-stenotic aortic dilatation

Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease affecting up to 4% of the elderly population. It can be associated with dilatation of the ascending aorta and subsequent dissection. Post-stenotic dilatation is seen in patients with AS and/or aortic regurgitation, patients with a haemodynamically normal bicuspid aortic valve and following aortic valve replacement. Controversy exists as to whether to replace the aortic root and ascending aorta at the time of aortic valve replacement, an operation that potentially carries a higher morbidity and mortality. The aetiology of post-stenotic aortic dilatation remains controversial. It may be due to haemodynamic factors caused by a stenotic valve, involving high velocity and turbulent flow downstream of the stenosis, or due to intrinsic pathology of the aortic wall. This may involve an abnormality in the process of extracellular matrix remodelling in the aortic wall including inadequate synthesis, degradation and transport of extracellular matrix proteins. This article reviews the aetiology, pathology and management of patients with post-stenotic aortic dilatation

Climate change, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) dynamics and maize production: a global perspective

Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most important cereals globally. It is consumed by humans in different forms (fresh, grain, flour or bread), feeds for the livestocks in fresh or processed form, used in the production of biofuel, as well as other industrial uses. Its production however has been constrained by biotic (pests, diseases and weeds) and abiotic factors due to increased effects of climate change. Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith, 1797), a native species of tropical and sub-tropical Americas is one of the most devastating invasive polyphagous pest of maize. Its larvae damage both vegetative and generative parts of maize including stem, leaves, cobs, silk, tassels and the seeds resulting in reduction of plant growth vigor and up 60% yield loss. Its first occurrence outside Americas was reported in 2016, in the southern part of Sub-Saharan Africa and since then, it has been confirmed in more than 70 countries globally. Due to the yield and quality losses, it causes in maize production, different studies have reported effects climate change on the population dynamics and spread of FAW and different control possibilities against them. The main objective of this review was to evaluate the current advances in FAW and maize production from a global perspective based on published literature. The specific objectives were: i) To assess the current key areas of focus in research of FAW and maize production at global level in order to highlight the gaps and set priorities for further works. ii) To assess the interactive impact of climate factors on FAW and maize production to find the most important ones and iii) To establish and evaluate the current technologies used in the management of FAW in maize production at a global level to find the most efficient ones can be suggested for application. Literatures were obtained from the “Web of Science” data base for each objective using different unique search equations. Certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen literatures and only those that met these criteria were used. Secondary data graphs were extracted using WebPlotDigitizer v3.4 (beta), processed and analysed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer version 1.6.18 software. The result showed that, Kenya is currently the global leader in research related to FAW, climate change and maize production. The current areas of research are focusing on; the use of control agents (parasitoids, Bacillus thuringiensis, pathogenic fungus, nematodes and predators) in FAW management, monitoring (sex pheromones and use volatiles), survival, resistance breeding, IPM, effects of different climatic variables on FAW and chemical management of FAW. The duration of development is generally shorter at higher temperatures (32-35℃) but with lower survival rate as compared to when the temperature is at 28℃. Pupation in the soil is not possible at 88-100% RH. FAW can tolerate temperature below 10℃ and or above 40℃. Its fecundity, survival rate and mating success is generally higher at 28℃ while the development at from egg to pupa was shortest at 35℃. Chemical control is the most widely used control method against FAW. Many active substances used belong to pyrethroid, and organophosphate chemical classes. There is also an increase in the number of active substances with mixed mode of action due to increased resistance against insecticides with single mode of action. Most FAW parasitoids belong to Hymenoptera order, and the most susceptible stages are eggs and pupae. The predators are mainly from Coleoptera and Dermaptera orders. Entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria and nematodes are also used in management of FAW. Conclusively, the colonization of new area within and across continents by FAW is continuously increasing but, no report its establishment has been confirmed within the European Union territory and Europe as a whole and it remains a quarantine pest in the region. Besides, some areas within the EU (Spain) remains a potential area of invasion due to its suitable climatic conditions. IPM technologies need to be promoted for sustainable management of FAW.KEPlant ProtectionMSc/M

Kearifan Lokal Gotong-Royong pada Siklus Mata Pencaharian Masyarakat Pakpak di Kecamatan Pergetteng-Getteng Sengkut: Kajian Tradisi Lisan

Edep boyman Berutu, 2016. Judul Skripsi :Kearifan lokal Gotong-royong pada siklus mata pencaharian masyarakat Pakpak di Kecamatan Pergetteng-getteng Sengkut. Yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah apa saja jenis-jenis Gotong-royong pada masyarakat Pakpak, bagaimana sifat Gotong-royong pada siklus mata pencaharian dan bagaimana pola Gotong-royong pada masyarakat Pakpak. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Robert Sibarani (2014) yang menyebutkan bahwa kegiatan leluhur masa lalu yang berkaitan dengan keadaan masa kini dan perlu diwariskan pada masa mendatang untuk mempersiapkan masa depan generasi mendatang. Metode dasar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif mulai dari proses pengumpulan data, sampai tahap analisa dengan mengaplikasikan pada pokok permasalahan untuk mendapatkan suatu hasil yang baik. Dari hasil penelitian penulis dapat menjelaskan Jenis-jenis Gotong-royong mulai dari Rimpah-rimpah atau Abin-abin, Runggu ( Musyawarah / rapat ), Toktok Ripe, Mergugu, Mersiurupen, Merkebbas, Peremmasen, Roji dan Kaing, Muat Nakan Peradupen, Pembangunan tempat pemandian Umum ( Tapien ) , Gotong-royong dalam Proses Pembukaan lahan, Gotong-royong dalam Proses Menanam, Mersiurupen dalam Proses Mengelola Tanaman, Gotong-royong dalam Proses Memanen serta Kearifan lokal Gotong-royong dalam masyarakat Pakpak.86 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan

Nümûne-yi sühan /

"M̀ekteb-i edeb'de tedris olanan mensur, menzum âsar-i muntahaba Fârisı̂'ile bunların şerh ve tercüme'lerini havidir."Poems in Persian and Arabic; commentary in Turkish in Arabic script.Mode of access: Internet