Book Reviews: \u3ci\u3eLaw and the Farmer\u3c/i\u3e, by Jacob H. Beuscher, New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1953

Law and the Farmer is a non-technical presentation of real estate, agricultural and business law as it applies to the farmer. The chief purpose of the book is to furnish legal guidance to the farmer, both in his daily operations and in long-range planning for the acquisition, development, and even the ultimate disposal of the farm. The introduction, briefly but clearly, explains the nature and scope of business law against the background of the origin and application of the entire field of law. Several chapters are devoted to the subject of acquiring a farm, discussing the problems of leasing, purchasing on contract, borrowing money, execution of real estate mortgages and the use of abstracts of title. Included in the discussion of land title records is an explanation of property description — a subject frequently ignored by both legal and agricultural authors

Evaluating the risk and risk factors of dysautonomia as a post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: a secondary analysis of a matched case–control dataset

BackgroundA significant proportion of patients presenting with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) have been found to meet diagnostic criteria for certain disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Substantial gaps remain in our understanding of these conditions. Our objective is to evaluate demographic and medical factors associated with PASC dysautonomia in active duty US Service members (ADSM). Additionally we assessed for risk factors in those diagnosed with COVID-19 for PASC dysautonomia, and differences in those with PASC dysautonomia and non-PASC dysautonomia.MethodsA matched case control dataset (n = 1,367,961) of ADSM diagnosed with COVID-19 matched with ADSM with no evidence of COVID-19 was utilized to assess associations of demographic and clinical factors with PASC dysautonomia. Logistic regression modeling was used to assess differences among those diagnosed with COVID-19. Conditional logistic regression modeling using propensity score weighting was used for comparisons between those with PASC dysautonomia and non-PASC dysautonomia.ResultsWe identified 619,983 COVID-19 cases (158 PASC dysautonomia) and 747,978 controls (219 non-PASC dysautonomia). Among COVID-19 cases, factors positively associated with PASC dysautonomia were white, non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, female sex, younger age, northeast region, more severe COVID-19 infection, and comorbid depression or anxiety. Among those with dysautonomia, those with PASC dysautonomia were more likely to be of female sex, younger, in the northeast region, and less likely to have comorbid anxiety.ConclusionPASC dysautonomia is rare in ADSM but associated with increased care utility and often prolonged diagnostic pathways. Important demographic and COVID-19 specific risk factors are associated with the development of PASC dysautonomia. PASC dysautonomia has significant differences in risk factors as compared to non-PASC dysautonomia, warranting further examination. These findings may support clinician awareness and prognostication and prompt further research on the pathophysiology and management of these conditions

Multiplicity of cerebrospinal fluid functions: New challenges in health and disease

This review integrates eight aspects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulatory dynamics: formation rate, pressure, flow, volume, turnover rate, composition, recycling and reabsorption. Novel ways to modulate CSF formation emanate from recent analyses of choroid plexus transcription factors (E2F5), ion transporters (NaHCO3 cotransport), transport enzymes (isoforms of carbonic anhydrase), aquaporin 1 regulation, and plasticity of receptors for fluid-regulating neuropeptides. A greater appreciation of CSF pressure (CSFP) is being generated by fresh insights on peptidergic regulatory servomechanisms, the role of dysfunctional ependyma and circumventricular organs in causing congenital hydrocephalus, and the clinical use of algorithms to delineate CSFP waveforms for diagnostic and prognostic utility. Increasing attention focuses on CSF flow: how it impacts cerebral metabolism and hemodynamics, neural stem cell progression in the subventricular zone, and catabolite/peptide clearance from the CNS. The pathophysiological significance of changes in CSF volume is assessed from the respective viewpoints of hemodynamics (choroid plexus blood flow and pulsatility), hydrodynamics (choroidal hypo- and hypersecretion) and neuroendocrine factors (i.e., coordinated regulation by atrial natriuretic peptide, arginine vasopressin and basic fibroblast growth factor). In aging, normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer's disease, the expanding CSF space reduces the CSF turnover rate, thus compromising the CSF sink action to clear harmful metabolites (e.g., amyloid) from the CNS. Dwindling CSF dynamics greatly harms the interstitial environment of neurons. Accordingly the altered CSF composition in neurodegenerative diseases and senescence, because of adverse effects on neural processes and cognition, needs more effective clinical management. CSF recycling between subarachnoid space, brain and ventricles promotes interstitial fluid (ISF) convection with both trophic and excretory benefits. Finally, CSF reabsorption via multiple pathways (olfactory and spinal arachnoidal bulk flow) is likely complemented by fluid clearance across capillary walls (aquaporin 4) and arachnoid villi when CSFP and fluid retention are markedly elevated. A model is presented that links CSF and ISF homeostasis to coordinated fluxes of water and solutes at both the blood-CSF and blood-brain transport interfaces

The satires.

Mode of access: Internet

On principles and methods in Latin syntax,

Mode of access: Internet

On principles and methods in Latin syntax /

Previous ed: New York : Scribner, 1901.Mode of access: Internet