Phytochemical Study of Cell Culture Jatropha Curcas

Jatropha curcas belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family which has potential economically. This plant has been reported to contain toxic compounds such as curcin and phorbol ester and its derivatives. These compounds may become a problem if J. curcas will be explored as a source of biofuel. In order to provide safety plants, the research on the study of phytochemical and initiation of cell and organ culture have been carried out. J curcas which has been collected from different regions in Indonesia showed to contain relatively the same profile of chemical contents. Dominant compounds that were detected by GCMS are hidrocarbon such as 2-heptenal, decadienal, hexsadecane, pentadecane, cyclooctane etc, fatty acid such as oktadecanoate acid, etthyl linoleate, ethyl stearate, heksadecanoate acid and steroid such as stigmasterol, fucosterol, sitosterol. No phorbol ester and its derivatives have been detected yet by the GCMS method. Callus and suspension cultures of J. curcas have been established to be used for further investigation

ANALISIS KEPENTINGAN JEPANG MEMBERIKAN BANTUAN LUAR NEGERI MELALUI OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA) TERHADAP NEGARA VIETNAM

This research aims to analyze Japan's interests in providing foreign assistance through Official Development Assistance (ODA) to Vietnam. ODA has become an important instrument in Japan's foreign policy, and Vietnam has been one of the main recipients of this aid. In this context, this research looks in detail at the reasons behind Japan's decision to provide ODA assistance to Vietnam and the implications and impact on bilateral relations between the two countries. The research method used is a qualitative approach by collecting data through literature studies and policy analysis. This approach enables a comprehensive understanding of Japan's interests in providing ODA assistance to Vietnam. The analysis results show that Japan has various strategic interests in providing ODA assistance to Vietnam. Therefore, it is important to consider the long-term impact of Japanese ODA assistance on Vietnam's development and transformation as an economically independent country. In its conclusion, this research identifies Japan's strategic interests in providing ODA assistance to Vietnam

Mutagenic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Jatropha Curcas L Seed Solid Waste Obtained From Residual Fuel Vegetable Processing (Biofuel)

Jatropha curcas seed contains viscous oil that can be used for soap making, cosmetic and as biofuel. It contains phorbol ester that was toxic. Biofuel production of Jatropha curcas seed left seedcake from mechanical press process. For safety evaluation, mutagenicity test was carried out. The seedcake was extracted by maceration method at room temperature with methanol and the mutagenic effect was evaluated by Ames test against Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 with or without S9 metabolic activator. Methanolic extract of Jatropha curcas seedcake had no mutagenicity effect against S. typhimurium TA 1535

ISOLASI SENYAWA MARKER DARI EKSTRAK AIR DAUN KELOR (MORINGAN OLEIFERA LAMK.)

Kelor (MoringaoleiferaLamk.) adalah tanaman termasuk dalam famili Moringaceae yang telah lama digunakan dalam pengobatan beberapa penyakit secara tradisional. Penggunaan secara empiris tersebut telah dibuktikan secara ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa marker dari ekstrak air daun kelor. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan ekstrak, karakterisasi simplisia, dan penapisan fitokimia. Pembuatan ekstrak dilakukan dengan cara daun diblender dengan penambahan aquades kemudian disaring. Filtrat yang diperoleh dikumpulkan, kemudian dikeringkan menggunakanalat freeze dryer sampai diperoleh ekstrak kering.Ekstrak air daun kelor difraksi nasi dengan metode ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut etil asetat. Fraksi etil asetat disubfraksinasi dengan menggunakan kromatografi kolom klasik. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif dan uji kemurnian dilakukan dengan menggunakan KLT pengembangan tunggal dan KLT dua dimensi. Isolat dikarakterisasi menggunakan KLT dengan penampak bercak spesifik dan pereaksi geser. Dari hasil pemurnian didapatkan senyawa murni dengan bentuk amorf. Berdasarkan data spektroskopi UV diduga isolat yang diperoleh merupakan flavonol, dimana terdapat OH pada posisi C3, C7, dan C4', serta tidak adanya orto di-OH pada cincin B

Elisitasi Kultur Sel Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) untuk Produksi Senyawa Aktif Xantorizol

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) merupakan salah satu tanaman asli Indonesia yang telah digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan. Xantorizol, senyawa seskuiterpenoid dari temulawak, telah banyak diteliti aktivitasnya. Kandungan senyawa xantorizol dari tanaman ini sangat kecil dan waktu panen relatif lama. Untuk mengoptimalkan produksi xantorizol, teknik kultur jaringan tanaman dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kadar xantorizol dari kultur suspensi sel temulawak menggunkan elisitor. Kultur kalus yang telah diinisiasi pada media padat diinduksi menjadi suspensi sel dengan media cair. Kultur suspensi sel yang berumur dua minggu dan dielisitasi dengan ekstrak ragi. Kultur dipanen pada minggu pertama dan kedua setelah perlakuan dan dikeringkan. Sampel kering diekstraksi dengan etil asetat dan dianalisis dengan KCKT. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kultur yang dielisitasi dengan ekstrak ragi 100 ppm dapat menstimulasi pembentukan xantorizol sebesar 0,186%.Kata kunci: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., ekstrak ragi, kultur suspensi sel, temulawak.AbstractTemulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is the one of indigenous plants in Indonesia that has been used for medicinal purpose. Xanthorrhizol, a sesquiterpenoid compound from temulawak, was studied for various activities. Xantorrhizol content in this plant is very low and relatively have long time for harvest. For optimize the production of xanthorrhizol, tissue culture technique could be used as an alternative. The aim of this research was carried out by to enhance the production of xanthorrhizol from cell suspension cultures using elicitors. The initiated callus cultures from solid medium, was induced to suspension cell cultures in liquid medium. The suspension cell culture was grown for two weeks and elicited with yeast extract. The cultures were harvested on the first and second weeks after elicited. Dry sample was extracted by ethyl acetate as a solvent and analyzed by HPLC. The results showed for elicitated culture by yeast extract 100 ppm could stimulate production of xanthorrhizol by 0.186%.Keywords: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., yeast extract, cell suspension culture, temulawak

ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF CALLUS OF RAMBUTAN Nephelium lappaceum L

Rambutan plant (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is a member of the Sapindaceae family. The rambutan plant is one of the natural ingredients that can be developed as traditional medicine. Rambutan peel has the potential for good antioxidant and anticancer activity. Rambutan fruit does not grow every time it needs efforts to produce the active substance in rambutan, using plant tissue culture techniques. The use of the correct variety of mediums and hormones at the right concentration is the key to thriving tissue culture. Explants derived from rambutan leaves were planted precisely on solid media Murashige and Skoog (MS) and WoddyPlant Medium (WPM) containing Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and Kinetin. After seven days, the callus was subcultured, then after 35 days, the subculture callus was collected and dried. Dry callus and rambutan leaves (Wild type) were macerated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The concentrated extract was then applied to a GF 254 silica gel plate with the mobile phase Toluene-Acetone (7: 3) and n-hexane-EthylAsetate (3: 7). The results showed that the concentration of IBA 2 ppm and kinetin three ppm was the best combination because it produced callus. TLC results of rambutan leave with plant tissue culture containing flavonoids and triterpenoids. This study provides new information regarding the induction of rambutan callus and can become the basis for producing active metabolites in rambutan with cell suspension culture development.  Tanaman rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Merupakan salah satu anggota famili Sapindaceae. Tanaman rambutan merupakan salah satu bahan alami yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai obat tradisional. Kulit rambutan mempunyai potensi aktivitas antioksidan dan antikanker yang baik. Buah rambutan tidak tumbuh setiap saat maka perlu upaya untuk memproduksi zat aktif dalam rambutan, salah satunya dengan menggunakan teknik kultur jaringan tanaman. Penggunaan variasi medium dan hormone yang tepat pada konsentrasi yang tepat merupakan kunci sukses kultur jaringan. Eksplan yang berasal dari daun rambutan ditanam secara tepat pada media padat Murashige dan Skoog (MS) dan Woddy Plant Medium (WPM) yang mengandung Indole-3-Butric Acid (IBA) dan Kinetin. Setelah 7 hari kalus disubkultur, kemudian setelah 35 hari kalus subkultur dikumpulkan dan dikeringkan. Kalus kering dan daun rambutan (Wlid type) dimaserasi dengan n-heksan, etilasetat dan etanol, kemudian ekstrak pekat diaplikasikan pada plate silika gel GF 254 dengan fasa gerak Toluen-Aseton (7: 3) dan n-heksan-EtilAsetat (3: 7). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi IBA 2 ppm dan kinetin 3 ppm merupakan kombinasi terbaik karena menghasilkan kalus. Hasil Kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) daun rambutan dengan kultur jaringan tanaman mengandung flavonoid dan triterpenoid. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi baru mengenai induksi kalus rambutan dan bisa menjadi dasar produksi metabolit aktif dalam rambutan dengan pengembangan ke arah kultur suspensi sel

Produksi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Melalui Kultur Jaringan dan Transformasi Genetik Artemisia Annua L.

Produksi metabolit sekunder pada tanaman biasanya menghasilkan kadar yang rendah. Metode bioteknologi telah terbuktidapat meningkatkan produksi beberapa metabolit sekunder pada tanaman. Untuk meningkatkan perolehan metabolit sekunder telah digunakan teknik kultur jaringan dan transformasi genetik dengan induksi Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kandungan metabolit sekunder dari kultur kalus dan akar rambut dari tanaman Artemisia annua hasil transformasi genetik menggunakan A. rhizogenes. Kultur kalus dan akar rambut hasil transformasi genetika mengandung senyawa artemisinin lebih tinggi dibanding dengan kultur kalus dan akar tanpa transformasi.Kata Kunci : Artemisia annua, kultur kalus, akar rambut Agrobacterium rhizogenes, artemisinin. The production of secondary metabolites of plant is usually low. Biotechnological methods have been proved to enhance the production of some of plant's secondary metabolites. To enhance the production of secondary metabolites, cell cultures and genetically transformed plants which were induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes have been used. This research aimed to enhance the secondary metabolite content from A. rhizogenes transformed callus and hairy roots cultures of Artemisia annua. Genetically transformed callus and hairy root cultures of A. annua contained higher artemisinin content compared to untransformed callus and root cultures.Keywords : Artemisia annua, callus cultures, hairy roots, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, artemisinin