EEOC v. SPS Temporaries, Inc., et al.

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The Role of Entrepreneurial Experience in the Activities and Internationalization of Ventures

MSc in International Business and TradeThe following study investigates how entrepreneurial experience shapes ventures' activities and internationalization processes, with a distinction made between novice and serial entrepreneurs. Utilizing the Resource-Based View and learning by doing theory among others, the study aims to uncover how experience functions as an essential intangible resource. Through qualitative interviews with thirteen European entrepreneurs, six novice and seven serial, the research points to differences in how each group approaches venture development, opportunity recognition, and international expansion. Serial entrepreneurs often leverage their accumulated knowledge, broader networks, and learning to navigate challenges more effectively and strategically allocate resources than novice entrepreneurs. However, entrepreneurial experience entails risks like overconfidence and reliance on previously employed strategies and processes. Ultimately, this study contributes to academia by revealing that whilst a core list of activities amongst both entrepreneur groups is similar, their execution and timing are significantly altered by the degree of entrepreneurial experience. These insights may affect entrepreneurial education, surrounding policy, and future interest in entrepreneurial venture growth and global expansion

The Ultrastructure of Membranes in Sympathetic Ganglia

This review presents some recent observations made on membranes in the mammalian sympathetic ganglia after application of freeze-fracturing and histochemistry. After freeze-fracture clear differences have been found between the neuronal and the satellite cell plasmalemma. The satellite cell plasma membrane exhibits specialized intramembrane particles not found in the neuronal membrane. Freeze-fracture cytochemistry reveals a further difference between the neurons and satellite cells i.e., a higher density of -hydroxysterols is present in the satellite cell membrane than in the neuronal membrane. Histochemical methods to localize 5\u27-nucleotidase, Ca2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase in the membranes have been utilized. The cytochemical reaction products of 5\u27-nucleotidase and Ca2+-ATPase were found on the external aspect of the plasma membranes. The Na+/K+-ATPase reaction product was located on the cytoplasmic aspect of the membranes, with most activity seen in the satellite cell membrane. With respect to the intercellular junctions, the presynaptic membranes have been analyzed with the freeze-fracture technique under stimulated and unstimulated conditions and ultrastructural differences have been observed which might be correlated to neurotransmission. Furthermore, gap junctions and tight junctional elements occur between the satellite cells surrounding the neuronal perikarya and their processes

Breastfeeding in Women With Type 1 Diabetes: Exploration of predictive factors

OBJECTIVE To identify predictive factors for initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding with a focus on mothers with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a prospective observation survey, using a case-control design, comparing the outcomes of 108 mothers with type 1 diabetes with 104 mothers without diabetes that were matched for parity and gestational age. Mother and infant outcomes were collected from medical records and through telephone interviews 2 and 6 months after delivery. Predictive factors were calculated by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Mothers with diabetes were less likely to partly or exclusively breastfeed their children at 2 months (OR 0.42 [95% CI 0.18–0.96], P = 0.041) and 6 months (0.50 [0.27–0.90], P = 0.022) than mothers without diabetes. On multivariable analysis, type 1 diabetes did not remain an independent predictive factor. Instead, higher education level and breastfeeding at discharge from hospital were predictive factors for breastfeeding at 2 months postpartum. These variables as well as delivery &amp;gt;37 weeks and early breastfeeding predicted breastfeeding 6 months postpartum. CONCLUSIONS Factors associated with maternal diabetes, such as problems with establishing breastfeeding in the early postpartum period, affects the likelihood of long-term breastfeeding. </jats:sec

Ultra-high-frequency ultrasound (48-70 MHz) is a promising tool for improved gastrointestinal diagnostics in infants

AimTo investigate the clinical feasibility of ultra-high-frequency abdominal ultrasound (UHFUS) scans of preterm and term infants.MethodsProspectively, 19 healthy term newborn infants were examined with conventional ultrasound (CUS) (Toshiba, Aplio i700, linear probe 14L5) and UHFUS (Visualsonics VevoMD, linear probes UHF48 and UHF70) according to a standardised protocol. Measurements of wall thickness were performed for; stomach, small intestine, colon and peritoneum. Five preterm infants, with or without suspected necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), were also examined with UHF48. Of these, only one was later diagnosed with NEC.ResultsDifferences between CUS and UHFUS (UHF48) were found in measurements of thickness; for peritoneum 0.25 versus 0.13 mm (p &lt; 0.001), small intestine 0.76 versus 0.64 mm (p = 0.039) and colon 0.7 versus 0.47 mm (p &lt; 0.001) in healthy term infants. Gaining frequency from 46 to 71 MHz showed a mean reduction in measurements of peritoneum from 0.13 to 0.09 mm (p &lt; 0.001). One preterm infant with NEC showed a fivefold and twofold increase in peritoneal and gastrointestinal wall thickness respectively, compared to healthy preterm infants.ConclusionUHFUS was a clinically feasible, promising method with potential to improve gastrointestinal diagnostics in infants. Lower peritoneum thickness and gastrointestinal wall thickness were demonstrated with UHFUS compared to CUS, suggesting an overestimation by CUS

Outbreak of OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal intensive care unit in Western Sweden

In 2015, an outbreak caused by OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae affected a neonatal intensive care unit at a Swedish University Hospital. The aim was to explore the transmission of OXA-48-producing strains between infants and the transfer of resistance plasmids between strains during the outbreak. Twenty-four outbreak isolates from ten suspected cases were whole-genome sequenced. A complete assembly was created for the index isolate (Enterobacter cloacae) and used as a mapping reference to detect its plasmids in the remaining isolates (17 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 Klebsiella aerogenes, and 2 Escherichia coli). Strain typing was performed using core genome MLST and SNP analysis. As judged from sequencing and clinical epidemiological data, the outbreak involved nine cases (two developed sepsis) and four OXA-48-producing strains: E. cloacae ST1584 (index case), K. pneumoniae ST25 (eight cases), K. aerogenes ST93 (two cases), and E. coli ST453 (2 cases). Two plasmids from the index strain, pEclA2 and pEclA4, carrying blaOXA48 and blaCMY-4, respectively, were traced to all K. pneumoniae ST25 isolates. Klebsiella aerogenes ST93 and E. coli ST453 harboured either only pEclA2, or both pEclA2 and pEclA4. One suspected case harbouring OXA-162-producing K. pneumoniae ST37 could be excluded from the outbreak. Once initiated by an E. cloacae strain, the outbreak was caused by the dissemination of a K. pneumoniae ST25 strain and involved inter-species horizontal transfer of two resistance plasmids, one of which carried blaOXA-48. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an outbreak of OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal setting in northern Europe

Maternal dietary selenium intake during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in the norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study

Properly working antioxidant defence systems are important for fetal development. One of the nutrients with antioxidant activity is selenium. Increased maternal selenium intake has been associated with reduced risk for being small for gestational age and preterm delivery. Based on the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, we in-vestigated the association of maternal selenium intake from food and dietary supplements during the first half of pregnancy (n = 71,728 women) and selenium status in mid-pregnancy (n = 2628 women) with neonatal health, measured as two composite variables (neonatal morbidity/mortality and neonatal intervention). Low maternal dietary selenium intake (&lt;30 \ub5g/day) was associated with increased risk for neonatal morbidity/mortality (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.08–1.69) and neonatal intervention (adjOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.34). Using continuous variables, there were no associations between maternal selenium intake (from diet or supplements) or whole-blood selenium concentration and neonatal outcome in the adjusted models. Our findings suggest that sufficient maternal dietary selenium intake is associated with neonatal outcome. Adher-ing to the dietary recommendations may help ensure an adequate supply of selenium for a healthy pregnancy and optimal fetal development