The use of hydrochemical techniques to estimate the discharge of Ovacik submarine springs on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey

Shallow submarine springs along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey discharge most available groundwater via highly developed karstic (buried channels), systems towards the Mediterranean Sea before interceptions for domestic and agricultural uses., This phenomenon takes place in Ovacik-Silifke village, one of the most intensive touristic places on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. This study reports on the hydrochemical tests and dye-tracing techniques that were used to measure the amount of water discharge along the Ovacik coastline. Comparison of the electrical conductivity (EC) of the karst springs, which have a background concentration of 500 muS/cm, with the EC of the coastal and submarine discharges is an important tool for identifying the percentage of available freshwater from the shallow submarine springs

Kayseri-İncesu-Himmetdede ve dolayındaki sıcak ve mineralli su kaynaklarının hidrojeokimyasal ve izotopik açıdan incelenmesi

30.10.2001Proje kapsamındaki Dokuzpınar içme suları (DPS) bazaltlarından,Yeşilhisar (YMS) ve Acısu mineralli suları (ACMS) aynı veya benzer karbonatlı kayaçlardan, Tekgöz sıcak (TGS) ve Bayramhacılı sıcak ve mineralli suları (BSMS) ise mermerlerden gelmekte olup, kaynak alanlarında yüzeylenen volkanosedimanter birimler örtü kaya konumundadır. Söz konusu sular faylar boyunca yüzeye doğru yükselirken akım yolu boyunca diğer geçirimli birimleri de yıkamaktadırlar. Su türleri DPS'de Na-Mg-Ca-Cl-HCO3, YMS'de Na-Mg-Cl-$HCO_3$, ACMS'de Na-Cl-$HCO_3$, TGS'de Ca-Mg-$HCO_3$ ve BSMS'de ise Ca-Na-$HCO_3$-Cl'dür. Sularda baskın olan iyonlar beslenme alanından boşalım alanına doğru çözünme, iyon değişimi ve çökelme süreçlerinin denetimi altındadır. İzotop analizlerine göre tüm sular meteorik kökenli olup, DPS sığ dolaşımlı en geç, BSMS ise derin dolaşımlı en yaşlı sulardır. Bayramhacılı sıcak ve mineralli sularında meteorik su doğrusundan sapma gözlenmesinin nedeni, suların içermiş oldukları yüksek miktardaki $CO_2$ gazının yanısıra mineral-su etkileşimi sonucu suların 18O değerlerinin artmasıdır. $CO_2$'nin baskın, sıcaklığın düşük olduğu YMS veACMS'de uzun süreli gaz-mineral-su etkileşimi sonucu bu sular yüksek mineralizasyona sahiptirler. TGS, BSMS,YMS ve ACMS'nin akım yolu boyunca su kalınlığının ve atmosfer basıncının az; kanal eğimi, $CO_2$ gazı kaybı vepH değerlerinin yüksek olduğu,türbülan rejimin gözlendiği yerlerde traverten çökelimleri devam etmektedir. Kayseri ve çevresinde hızlı kentleşme ile birlikte artan evsel, tarımsal ve sanayi atıklarına bağlı olarak YMS ve ACMS gibi önemli kaynaklar kirlenmektedir

Estimation of environmental impacts on the water quality of Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs in Kayseri, Turkey

Industrial and agricultural activities have directly or indirectly affected the concentrations of a large number of inorganic chemicals in groundwater, for example NO3, N2, Cl, SO4, H+, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, B, Pb and Zn, as well as a wide variety of pesticides and other organic compounds. For reactive contaminants like NO3, it is recommended that a combination of hydrochernical and environmental-tracer analytical approaches might be required to resolve changing inputs from subsequent alterations as causes of concentration gradients in groundwater. The water type of Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs is mainly Na-MgCa-Cl-HCO3. Note that the water types of the Springs were directly related to the hydrogeochemical properties of outcrops at the study area. Thus, the high concentration of Ca+2 and HCO3 is mainly related to the high CO2 contents in the marbles, whereas the high Na concentration arises from the existing syenite, volcanic ash, basalt and clay units, although the ?Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs cover most of the drinking and irrigation water demands at the study area. Therefore, relevant hydrogeochemical and statistical studies were carried out for estimating the mentioned environmental impacts on the water quality of ?Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs. © Springer-Verlag 2004

Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in Thanjavur city, Tamil Nadu, India

As groundwater is a vital source of water for domestic and agricultural activities in Thanjavur city due to lack of surface water resources, groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural usage were evaluated. In this study, 102 groundwater samples were collected from dug wells and bore wells during March 2008 and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, major ions, and nitrate. Results suggest that, in 90% of groundwater samples, sodium and chloride are predominant cation and anion, respectively, and NaCl and CaMgCl are major water types in the study area. The groundwater quality in the study site is impaired by surface contamination sources, mineral dissolution, ion exchange, and evaporation. Nitrate, chloride, and sulfate concentrations strongly express the impact of surface contamination sources such as agricultural and domestic activities, on groundwater quality, and 13% of samples have elevated nitrate content (>45 mg/l as NO3). PHREEQC code and Gibbs plots were employed to evaluate the contribution of mineral dissolution and suggest that mineral dissolution, especially carbonate minerals, regulates water chemistry.Groundwater suitability for drinking usage was evaluated by the World Health Organization and Indian standards and suggests that 34% of samples are not suitable for drinking. Integrated groundwater suitability map for drinking purposes was created using drinking water standards based on a concept that if the groundwater sample exceeds any one of the standards, it is not suitable for drinking. This map illustrates that wells in zones 1, 2, 3, and 4 are not fit for drinking purpose. Likewise, irrigational suitability of groundwater in the study region was evaluated, and results suggest that 20% samples are not fit for irrigation. Groundwater suitability map for irrigation was also produced based on salinity and sodium hazards and denotes that wells mostly situated in zones 2 and 3 are not suitable for irrigation. Both integrated suitability maps for drinking and irrigation usage provide overall scenario about the groundwater quality in the study area. Finally, the study concluded that groundwater quality is impaired by man-made activities, and proper management plan is necessary to protect valuable groundwater resources inThanjavur city

The use of hydrochemical techniques to estimate the discharge of Ovacık submarine springs on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey

Shallow submarine springs along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey discharge most available groundwater via highly developed karstic (buried channels) systems towards the Mediterranean Sea before interception for domestic and agricultural uses. This phenomenon takes place in Ovac1k-Silifke village, one of the most intensive touristic places on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. This study reports on the hydrochemical tests and dye-tracing techniques that were used to measure the amount of water discharge along the Ovac1k coastline. Comparison of the electrical conductivity (EC) of the karst springs, which have a background concentration of 500 µS/cm, with the EC of the coastal and submarine discharges is an important tool for identifying the percentage of available freshwater from the shallow submarine springs

An Examination of the Relationship Between Computer Addiction Levels and Academic Procrastination Behaviors of High School Students

Bu çalışmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin bilgisayar bağımlılık düzeyleri ile akademik erteleme davranışları arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Buradan yola çıkılarak lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranış düzeyleri ile bilgisayar, internet ve oyun bağımlılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranış düzeyleri ve bilgisayar bağımlılık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre (cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, akademik başarı düzeyi ve günlük ortalama bilgisayar kullanım süresi) değişip değişmediği incelenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Aksaray ili genelinde lise öğrenimine devam eden 13-18 yaşları arasındaki 205 kız (%52,97) ve 182 erkek (%47,03) olmak üzere toplam 387 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplamak amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Kişisel Bilgi Formu'nun yanında, Akademik Erteleme Ölçeği (Çakıcı, 2003) ve Ergenler İçin Bilgisayar Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (Ayas, Çakır & Horzum, 2011) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma genel tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama modelindedir. Verilerin analizi SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 20,0 ve LISREL (Linear Structural Relations) 8,80 programında yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranış düzeyleri ile bilgisayar bağımlılıkları arasında yüksek düzeyde, pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca araştırmada lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranış düzeyleri ile bilgisayar bağımlılığının alt boyutları olan internet ve oyun bağımlılıkları arasında da sırasıyla yüksek ve orta düzeyde, pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranış düzeylerinin cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, akademik başarı düzeyi ve günlük ortalama bilgisayar kullanım süresine göre farklılaştığı, bilgisayar bağımlılık düzeylerinin ise cinsiyet, akademik başarı düzeyi ve günlük bilgisayar kullanım sürelerine göre farklılaşırken sınıf düzeylerine göre farklılaşmadığı görülmüştür. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline göre yapılmış olduğundan yapılacak nitel çalışmalarla sonuçların karşılaştırılması önerilebilir.The purpose of this study is to show whether there is a meaningful relationship between high school students' computer addiction levels and academic procrastination behaviors. From this point of view, the relationship between the level of academic procrastination behavior of high school students and the levels of computer, internet and game addiction were examined. Moreover, it was investigated whether the level of academic procrastination and computer addiction of high school students change according to various variables (gender, class level, academic achievement level and daily average computer usage). The study group consists of 387 high school students 205 girls (52,97%) and 182 boys (47,03%) between the ages of 13-18 who continue their high school education in the Aksaray province during 2017-2018 education year. In addition to the Personal Information Form developed by the researcher in order to collect data, Academic Procrastination Scale (Çakıcı, 2003) and Computer Addiction Scale for Adolescents (Ayas, Çakır & Horzum, 2011) were used. The research is based on the relational screening model from the general screening models. Analysis of the data was made in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 20,0 and LISREL (Linear Structural Relations) 8,80. According to the results of the research, high level, positive and significant relationship between the academic procrastination behavior levels of the high school students and the computer addiction were found. In addition, high and moderate positive and significant relationships were found between the academic procrastination behavior levels of high school students and internet and game addiction which are sub-dimensions of computer addiction. It was observed that the academic procrastination behavior levels of high school students differed according to gender, grade level, academic achievement level and daily average computer use period, computer addiction levels did not differ according to their grade levels while they were different according to gender, academic achievement level and daily computer usage periods. Since the research is made according to relational screening model, it can be suggested to compare the results with the qualitive studies

Influences of wastewater discharges on the water quality of Mamasin dam watershed in Aksaray, Central Anatolian part of Turkey

Sustaining the human ecological benefits of surface water requires carefully planned strategies for reducing the cumulative risks posed by diverse human activities. Municipal governments in Aksaray City play a key role in developing solutions to surface water management and protection problems. The responsibility to provide drinking water and sewage works, regulate the use of private land, and protect public health provides the mandate and authority to take action. A large part of Aksaray City uses MamasIn dam water as its primary source for drinking water. Several point sources of contamination may result from direct wastewater discharges from Melendiz and Karasu rivers, which recharge the MamasIn dam watershed. Relevant studies were carried out for monitoring the eutrophication process, which usually occurs in the static water mass of the MamasIn dam lake. This process may be caused by the continual increase in nutrients and decrease of O2 levels, causing anaerobic conditions. Stimulated algae growth in these water bodies consequently reduces water quality. Hydrochemical parameters were evaluated to estimate the types of pollution sources, the level of pollution, and its environmental impacts on the Mamasin dam drinking water reservoir

Estimation of environmental impacts on the water quality of the Tahtalidam watershed in İzmir, Turkey

Water pollution is a widespread problem in different areas of the world. Some of these problems originated from point contamination sources and widespread contaminant outlet sources which are observed in every country. The major elements and chemical loads of surface water have been dominated by constituents derived directly or indirectly from human activities and/or industrial practices that have increased additives in the last several decades. The point sources of contamination may result from the direct wastewater discharges to the dam sites, which are considered to be the most commonly encountered water pollution problems. One of these problems is the eutrophication process which usually occurs in the static water mass of lakes and other surface water reservoirs. This process may be caused by the continuous increase of nitrogen and phosphorus contents and decrease of O2 level in water causing an anaerobic condition which may stimulate algae-growth flow in these water bodies, consequently reducing the quality of water. Of course, there are many research methods for determining the various kinds of water pollution. In this research, the hydrochemical parameters were evaluated to estimate the types of pollution sources, the level of pollution, and its environmental impacts on the Tahtali dam reservoir. © Springer-Verlag 2005

Roles of hydrogeochemical evaluations in estimating protection zones of Koçpınar springs in Aksaray, central Anatolia, Turkey

The present study indicates estimation of protection zones of Koçpınar springs in Aksaray area by means of hydrogeochemical methods. Relevant hydrogeochemical studies were carried out to achieve this objective. Koçp1nar springs emerge on strike-slip Hasandagi fault set (HFS) along the Tuzgölü (Salt Lake) fault zone (TFZ) in central Anatolia. The outcrops of volcanic origin exhibit different hydrogeological properties in the study area. The hydrogeochemical evaluations of Koçp1nar springs represent good results about the available main groundwater flow systems that exist in this area. Marbles of Palaeozoic age form the main aquifer that recharges Koçpınar springs. The CO2 gas content of the spring waters is significantly high. Based on the ion concentrations, the water of this spring has mainly two hydrochemical facies: Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Na-HCO3. Although, the hydrochemical analyses showed that waters of these springs meet the drinking and irrigation water standards, the area around the springs is continuously being contaminated by both domestic and agricultural wastes. Therefore, detailed hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotopic investigations were carried out to accurately estimate the protection zones of Koçp1nar springs. These studies showed that three main protection zones could be proposed against external pollution effects around the spring's area