AIDS Related Stigma in Social Relations: A Qualitative Study in Turkey

The actual number of HIV/AIDS cases in Turkey is higher than the number of cases reported, and People Living with HIV (PLWHIV) may refrain from acknowledging their sickness or seeking help because of the stigma associated with HIV and fear of discrimination from their close friends, workmates, and even their families. In this paper we aim to explore HIV-positive people\u27s relationships with significant others such as family members, friends, sexual partners, employers and health professionals in order to present the patients\u27 perceptions about stigma and attitudes that lead to pro-social or anti-social behavior towards them. We carried out a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with 16 PLWHIV in order to understand the conditions of people living with HIV/AIDS in Turkey. Our results revealed that except for family relations, the fear of contagion is the main obstacle for HIV-positive people\u27s relations with others. HIV-positive people are severely afflicted with discrimination due to the overlapping instrumental and symbolic stigmas that directly affect their relations. The attribute of responsibility is related to gender and socio-economic status of PLWHIV living in Turkey

Evaluation of Çanakkale municipality applications in terms of child friendly city

Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı"Çocuk Dostu Kent Açısından Çanakkale Belediyesi Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi" başlıklı bu tez araştırmasının çıkış noktası "Child Friendly City (Çocuk Dostu Kent)" kavramıdır. Tezin temel amacı; "Çocuk Dostu Kent" kavramını çocuk haklarına dayanan bir yaklaşımla ele almak, Çanakkale Belediyesi'nin çocuklara yönelik uygulamalarını tespit ederek bu uygulamaların yeterliliğini ve Çocuk Dostu Kent kriterlerine uyumluluğunu belirlemektir. Araştırmaya ilişkin bilgiler literatür taraması, doküman incelemesi ve bireysel görüşme teknikleri kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bilgiler tümevarım yöntemi ve betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bilgilerin analiz edilmesinde içerik analiz yöntemi ve MAXQDA programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kent, belediye, hak, çocuk, çocuk haklarının önemi, Çocuk Dostu Kent kavramları açıklanarak Çocuk Dostu Kent uygulamalarından örnekler verilmektedir. Ayrıca Çanakkale Belediyesi'nin çocuklara yönelik uygulamaları ele alınmakta ve alan araştırması ile elde edilen bulgulara yer verilmektedir. Yapılan alan araştırması doğrultusunda Çanakkale Belediyesi'nin Çocuk Dostu Kent kriterlerinden bazılarını uygulamadığı saptanmıştır. Fakat buna rağmen Çanakkale Belediyesi'nin Çocuk Dostu Kent olmak için gerekli zemini hazırladığı görülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hak, Çocuk, Çocuk Hakları, Kent, Çocuk Dostu Kent, BelediyeThe starting point of this thesis titled Evaluation of Çanakkale Municipality Practices in terms of Child Friendly City is the concept of Child Friendly City ". The main aim of the thesis is to examine the concept of Child Friendly City with an approach based on children's rights, to determine the applications of Çanakkale Municipality towards children and to determine the adequacy of these practices and their compliance with the criteria of Child Friendly City. This study, which deals with the Child Friendly City Initiative with a child rights based approach, consists of four sections. Information about the study was obtained by using literature review, document review and individual interview techniques. Obtained information was analyzed by using induction method and descriptive analysis method. Content analysis method and MAXQDA program were used to analyze the information. In this study, the concepts of city, municipality, rights, children, children's rights, and Child Friendly City are explained and examples from Child Friendly City practices are given. In addition, the applications of Çanakkale Municipality for children are discussed and the findings obtained through field research are included. In line with the field study, it was determined that Çanakkale Municipality does not apply some of the Child Friendly City criteria. However, it is seen that Çanakkale Municipality has prepared the necessary ground to become a Child Friendly City. Keywords: Right, Child, Child Rights, City, Child Friendly City, Municipalit

Evaluation of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of corilagin against mitomycin-C

Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoteknoloji Ana Bilim DalıBitkilerin kök, gövde, yaprak, meyve gibi organlarında organik yapılı çok sayıda ikincil metabolit çeşidi bulunur. Bu bileşiklerin, serbest radikallerin oluşturduğu genetik hasara karşı koruyucu ve önleyici etkileri olduğu birçok çalışmada belirtilmiştir ve bu doğal bileşiklerin antioksidan etkileri üzerine çalışmalar hala devam etmektedir. Bu alanda özellikle polifenoller üzerinde yoğun oranda araştırma yapılmaktadır ve in vitro çalışmalarda yaygın olarak insan periferal lenfosit hücreleri kullanılmaktadır. Polifenolik bileşikler grubundan bir tanen olan korilagin; sütleğengiller (Euphorbiaceae), turnagagasıgiller (Geraniaceae) ve kınagiller (Lythraceae) gibi bitki familyalarına ait birçok bitki türünde bulunan ve çok çeşitli farmakolojik etkilere sahip olan bir bileşiktir. Bu tez çalışmasında, korilaginin insan periferal kan lenfosit hücrelerinde genotoksik ve mitomisin-C (MMC)'ye karşı antigenotoksik etkisi araştırılmıştır. Korilaginin sitotoksik etki göstermeyen dozlarda hem genotoksik etkileri, hem de oksidatif hasara neden olan ve genotoksik etkisi olduğu bilinen MMC'ye karşı antigenotoksik etkileri mikroçekirdek (MÇ) ve kromozom anormallikleri (KA) yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, 3 farklı donörden alınan kan örnekleriyle tekrarlı olarak yapılmıştır. Test maddeleri bulunmayan bir negatif kontrol grubu ile 0,2 µg/ml MMC bulunan bir pozitif kontrol grubu kullanılmıştır. Uygulama gruplarında 10, 25, 50, 100 µg/ml korilagin tek başına ve 0,2 µg/ml MMC ile eş zamanlı olarak eklenmiştir. Deneyler ve yapılan sayımlar sonucunda, korilaginin 10, 25, 50 µg/ml konsantrasyonlarında uygulandığı gruplarda MÇ ve KA frekansında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artışa neden olmadığı ve MMC uygulaması ile artan MÇ frekansında ve kromozom anormalliklerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli oranda azaldığı belirlenmiştir. 100 µg/ml konsantrasyonda ise hasarın arttığı ve prooksidan etki gösterdiği görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, korilaginin, MMC tarafından oluşturulan genetik hasar üzerinde doza bağlı antigenotoksik etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir.There are many secondary metabolite types with organic structure in the organs of plants such as roots, stems, leaves and fruits. It has been reported in many studies that these compounds have protective and preventive effects against genetic damage caused by free radicals, and studies on the antioxidant effects of these natural compounds are still ongoing. In this area, intensive research is carried out especially on polyphenols and mostly human peripheral lymphocyte cells are used for in vitro studies. Corilagin, a tannin from the group of polyphenolic compounds, was chosen for use in this study. Korilagin is a compound that has a wide variety of pharmacological effects and is found in many species of plant families such as Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae and Lythracea. In this thesis study, the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of corilagin against mitomycin-C (MMC) in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cells were investigated. Both genotoxic effects and antigenotoxic effects of corilagin against MMC, which causes oxidative damage and is known to have genotoxic effects, at doses that do not show cytotoxic effects, were evaluated by micronucleus (MN) and chromosome aberration test methods. This study was conducted repeatedly with blood samples taken from 3 different donors. A negative control group without test substances and a positive control group with 0.2 µg/ml MMC were used. In the treatment groups, 10, 25, 50, 100 µg/ml corilagin was added alone and simultaneously with 0.2 µg/ml MMC. Two slides were prepared from each sample and the results were examined by applying the micronucleus test protocol and chromosome aberration test protocol. As a result of the experiments and counts, it was determined that corilagin did not cause a statistically significant increase in the MN and CA frequency in the groups treated with 10, 25, 50 µg/ml concentrations, and it was also determined statistically significant decrease in the MN frequency and chromosome abnormalities caused by MMC treatment. At a concentration of 100 µg/ml, it was observed that the damage increased and the prooxidant effect was observed. The results show that corilagin has a dose dependent antigenotoxic effect on genetic damage caused by MMC

Üniter Bir Devlet Olarak Finlandiya Yerel Yönetimleri

Finlandiya, üniter bir devlet olmasına rağmen yerelleşmenin ileri düzeyde olduğu ülkelerden biridir. Yerelleşme özelliği ile hem demokrasinin gelişmesine hem de kaliteli hizmet sunumunun sağlanmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Finlandiya’da yerel yönetimleri meydana getiren iki karakteristik yapı vardır; belediye yönetimleri ve bölge yönetimleri. Yerel yönetimler donatıldıkları geniş yetkilerle bölgesel kalkınmanın yanı sıra ulusal kalkınmada da büyük rol oynamaktadır. Bu hususta yerel yönetimler ve merkezi idare arasındaki ilişkilerin etkisiyle birlikte, Avrupa Birliği’ne üyeliğinin de etkisi vardır. Literatür taramasına dayanan bu çalışma, Finlandiya’daki yerel yönetim yapılanmasını ve yerel yönetimler kapsamında Avrupa Birliği ile olan ilişkilerini açıklamayı amaç edinmektedir.&nbsp

Statik ve dinamik düşey yükler altındaki kazıklı temellerin davranışı

Tez (yüksek lisans) - Anadolu ÜniversitesiAnadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Anabilim DalıKayıt no: 353085Bu çalışmada, kazıklı temellerin statik düşey yükler altındaki incelenmiştir. Kazıklı temeller, elverişsiz zemin koşulları altında üst yapı yükünün zemine güvenli bir şekilde iletilmesini sağlayan yapı elemanlarıdır. Statik düşey yükler altında kazıklı temellerin davranışlarının belirlenmesi için birçok yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Kazıklı temellerin dizaynı bu yöntemlerdeki kabullere, mühendislik muhakemesindeki doğru yaklaşımlara ve karmaşık hesapların rahatlıkla çözümünü sağlayan bilgisayar programı sonuçlarına bağlı olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, sonlu elemanlar modeline dayanan Plaxis programı ve ampirik formüllerle kazıklı temellerin, düşey taşıma kapasiteleri belirlenip, elverişsiz zemin koşulları için dizayn edilen kazıklı temeller, farklı yapı yükleri altında incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların uygulanabilirliği, ampirik formüller ve Plaxis programı çözümlerine göre irdelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Plaxis programıyla elde edilen verilere en yakın ampirik eşitlik elde edilmiştir

Impact of Conservation Planning and Implementations on Cultural Heritage Values in the Historic Urban Site of Kuşadası

The study aims to evaluate the impact of the conservation planning and implementations on the cultural heritage values in a cultural landscape: Kuşadası, Aydın, Turkey. The study is limited to the decisions published on the Internet: decisions between 2013 and 2016. The methodology includes literature research, archive research in the related Regional Commission on the Conservation of Cultural Property, the Regional Directorate of Foundations, and the local administration. A site survey comprehending base map revision and photographic documentation, visual analysis, historical research and comparative study, and evaluation of conservation activities regarding concepts of conservation is also part of the research. As a result, conservation issues stem from inappropriate conservation implementations threatening the integrity of cultural heritage. The majority of the conservation implementations have focused on a single building scale. Unlicensed constructions stemming from insufficient control by the local administration in the historic urban environment and the lack of implementation of the conservation plan to remove inharmonious buildings and masses threatening the integrity of the urban layout. Preparation of a management plan, revision of the twenty-five-year-old conservation plan, and determination in their application are considered as indispensable for sustaining authenticity and integrity

Antimicrobial properties of bioactive compounds isolated from epidermal mucus in two Ray species (Dasyatis marmorata and Gymnura altavela)

Purpose: To investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial effects of certain biochemical compounds in the epidermal mucus secretions of fish and to demonstrate their potential for biomedical applications.Methods: Crude, aqueous, and acidic epidermal mucus samples were collected from live ray specimens. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses were performed to identify the biochemical compounds present in the mucus. The spectrophotometric broth microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the mucus extracts. The bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumonia, were used for the tests, as well as the fungal strains, Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans.Results: GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of several hydrocarbon-derived compounds in the epidermal mucus of the two ray species. The acidic extract of G. altavela epidermal mucus produced a high MIC value, indicating the highest inhibitory effect of 8.64 μL against E. coli, while the crude extract of G. altavela epidermal mucus (41.13 μL against B. subtilis) was the least effective. Conclusion: Epidermal mucus extracts, especially when acid-based, displays strong antimicrobial properties against all the tested pathogens. These findings suggest the plants possess some potential for the development of novel antimicrobial components for applications in medicine. Keywords: Fish, Ray species, Epidermal mucus, Antimicrobial properties, Bioactive compound

An integrated framework for non-traditional machining process technology selection in healthcare applications

In spite of continuous progress in technical advancement, the conventional machining process became unsatisfactory in the healthcare field due to its disadvantages. This inadequacy lead researchers to consider using the application of nontraditional machining that can machine extremely hard and brittle materials into complicated shapes such as medical devices and implants in healthcare. In this study, the three most popular nontraditional machining process technologies: Laser Beam Machining, Water Jet Machining, and Electrocautery are evaluated to determine the most appropriate technology using the Health Technology Assessment based Multi-criteria Decision-Making framework. HTA is organized evaluation of effects and properties of health technology that enables the application of systematic skills to solve a health problem. HTA's main goal is to raise awareness of new health technologies among decision makers. For these reasons, the HTA core model that enables the production of HTA-related information was utilized.The comparison of selected technologies was carried out via integrating the HTA core model, Best Worst, and Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution methods. Finally, a comparison was made to find the most suitable technology to create the necessary infrastructure. As a result, evaluation scores were computed as 0,673; 0,538 and 0,500 for WJM, LBM, and EC, respectively.Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SA

Longitudinal 16S rRNA data derived from limb regenerative tissue samples of axolotl ambystoma mexicanum

WOS: 000469960800002PubMed ID: 31123261The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a critically endangered species and a fruitful amphibian model for regenerative biology. Despite growing body of research on the cellular and molecular biology of axolotl limb regeneration, microbiological aspects of this process remain poorly understood. Here, we describe bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon dataset derived from axolotl limb tissue samples in the course of limb regeneration. The raw data was obtained by sequencing V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene and comprised 14,569,756 paired-end raw reads generated from 21 samples. Initial data analysis using DADA2 pipeline resulted in amplicon sequence variant (ASV) table containing a total of ca. 5.9 million chimera-removed, high-quality reads and a median of 296,971 reads per sample. The data constitute a useful resource for the research on the microbiological aspects of axolotl limb regeneration and will also broadly facilitate comparative studies in the developmental and conservation biology of this critically endangered species

A comparison of the effects of different types of laryngoscope on the cervical motions: randomized clinical trial

Background: The rate of cervical injury among all trauma patients is 3.1%. The most important point dur- ing intubation of those patients is not to increase the cervical injury. Aims: In this study, we hypothesize that there will be a minimal cervical extension during a laryngoscopy with the use of optical view laryngoscopes. Study Design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Methods: One hundred and fifty adult patients with ASA physical status I to III were enrolled in our study. After routine anesthesia induction, we randomly as- signed the patients into three groups according to the type of laryngoscope. Macintosh type, Truview EVO2® type and Airtraq® type laryngoscopes were used in Group DL (n=50), Group TW (n=50) and Group ATQ (n=50), respectively. After applying gen- eral anesthesia induction and mask ventilation, all of the patients were positioned in the neutral position. An inclinometer was placed on the forehead of the patients. Then, the extension angle during intubation and the Cormack-Lehane Score were measured and the time to intubation was recorded. Results: One of the 50 patients in the DL Group, 2 of the 50 patients in the TW Group, and 4 of the 50 patients in the ATQ Group were excluded from the study because of the failure of intubation at defined times. The angle of cervical extension during laryngoscopy was found to be 27.24±6.71, 18.08±7.53, and 14.54±4.09 degrees in the Groups DL, TV and ATQ, respectively; these differences also had statistical significance (p=0.000). The duration of intubation was found to be 13.59±5.49, 23.60±15.23, and 29.80±13.82 seconds in Groups DL, TV and ATQ, respectively (p=0.000). Conclusion: A minimal cervical motion was obtained during tracheal intubation with the use of Truview EVO2® and Airtraq® types of laryngoscope compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02191904). Keywords: Airtraq®, airway management, intratracheal equipment, intubation, Macintosh, Truview EVO2&reg