TREM2 deficiency attenuates neuroinflammation and protects against neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy

Significance Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is a major public health problem for which there is currently no disease-modifying treatment. There is an urgent need for greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in patients to create better therapeutic options. Recently, genetic studies uncovered novel AD risk variants in the microglial receptor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). Previous studies suggested that loss of TREM2 function worsens amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque-related toxicity. In contrast, we observe TREM2 deficiency mitigates neuroinflammation and protects against brain atrophy in the context of tau pathology. These findings indicate dual roles for TREM2 and microglia in the context of amyloid versus tau pathology, which are important to consider for potential treatments targeting TREM2.</jats:p

Washington Park Main Street Plan

There is an immense variety of privately owned businesses. They will be stakeholders because their businesses are located there, but they will also be assets in themselves in drawing people to the area. There is basically everything anyone could possible want or need in this area. There are two gas stations, a Family Dollar, a liquor store, a few sit down restaurants, numerous places where one can get a quick bite to eat, a frame shop, a clothing store, a pawn shop, a store with fresh produce (which is hard to find in urban areas), a store that sells sports uniforms, a frame shop, a lawyerʼs office, an animal hospital, two Laundromats, a record shop, a health food store, two cell phone stores, an automotive shop, and a karate school with an afterschool program. With such variety, it will draw people to the area and then give them other reasons to keep coming back

WebEase: Development of a Web-Based Epilepsy Self-Management Intervention

People with epilepsy must adopt many self-management behaviors, especially regarding medication adherence, stress management, and sleep quality. In response to the need for theory-based self-management programs that people with epilepsy can easily access, the WebEase Web site was created and tested for feasibility, acceptability, and usability. This article discusses the theoretical background and developmental phases of WebEase and lessons learned throughout the development process. The WebEase research team developed content for the Web site on the basis of social cognitive theory, the transtheoretical model of behavior change, and motivational interviewing. Formative research and development of the WebEase program included a literature search, computer use survey, a focus group, and review by content experts and consumers. The program has 2 main components: 1) the modules, which provide a tailored opportunity for learning, reflection, and goal setting, and 2) MyLog, a place to enter daily information

A 36 ka environmental record in the southern tropics : Lake Tritrivakely (Madgascar) (Un enregistrement de l'environnement depuis 36 ka en zone tropicale sud : le lac Tritrivakely (Madagascar)).

The upper 13 m of a 40 m-long sedimentary profile core taken in a crater lake on the Malagasy Plateau reveals 36,000 yrs of hydroclimatic evolution. A shallow lake occupies the core site from ≃35 to ≃19 ka BP under climatic conditions cooler than today. The water table is very low and biological productivity extremely reduced during the Last Glacial Maximum. A large warming was initiated at ≃14.5 ka BP. The modern bog establishes about 4 ka ag

On the X-ray properties of submm-selected galaxies

We present an analysis of the X-ray properties of 35 submm galaxies(SMGs) in the CDF-N. Using a sample of robust 850micron-selected galaxies, with accurate positions from Spitzer and/or radio counterparts, we find 16 objects (45+/-8%) with significant X-ray detections in the 2Ms Chandra data. 6 of these SMGs (~17+/-6%) have measured X-ray luminosities or upper limits consistent with those expected based on the far-infrared (FIR) or radio-derived star formation rate (SFR), and hence with the X-rays coming solely from star formation. In another 7 sources (20+/-7%) a dominant AGN contribution to the X-ray emission is required, while in 3 more it is unclear whether stellar process or accretion are responsible. Stacking of the X-ray undetected SMGs reveals a highly significant detection. If due to star formation, this corresponds to an average X-ray derived SFR of ~150 Msun/yr. We deduce that the AGN fraction in SMGs based on X-ray observations is 20-29 (+/-7) %, which is towards the lower limit of previous estimates. Spectral analysis shows that in general the SMGs are not heavily obscured in the X-ray but most of the SMGs classfied as AGN show absorption with N_H in excess of 10^22 cm^-2. Of the secure AGN, the bolometric luminosity appears to be dominated by the AGN in only 3 cases. In ~85% of the SMGs, the X-ray spectrum effectively rules out an AGN contribution that dominates the bolometric emission, even if the AGN is Compton thick. The evidence therefore suggests that intense star formation accounts for both the FIR and X-ray emission in most SMGs. We argue that, rather than having an especially high AGN fraction or duty cycle, SMGs have a high X-ray detection rate at very faint fluxes partly because of their high star formation rates and, in rarer cases, because the submm emission is from an AGN.(abridged)Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Genetic risk for autism spectrum disorders and neuropsychiatric variation in the general population

Almost all genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can be found in the general population, but the effects of that risk are unclear in people not ascertained for neuropsychiatric symptoms. Using several large ASD consortia and population based resources, we find genetic links between ASDs and typical variation in social behavior and adaptive functioning. This finding is evidenced through both inherited and de novo variation, indicating that multiple types of genetic risk for ASDs influence a continuum of behavioral and developmental traits, the severe tail of which can result in an ASD or other neuropsychiatric disorder diagnosis. A continuum model should inform the design and interpretation of studies of neuropsychiatric disease biology

A scoping review on the methods of assessment and role of resilience on function and movement-evoked pain when experiencing a musculoskeletal injury

Background: Resilience refers to an individual’s ability to maintain effective functioning, by resisting, withstanding or recovering from stressors or adversity, including pain associated with physical injury (J Clin Psychol Med Settings 28:518–28, 2021). The aim of this scoping review is to determine the role of resilience in the experience of movement-evoked pain (MEP) and return to functional activity following a musculoskeletal injury. Methods: This review conformed to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews and the scoping review protocol of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Five databases and one grey literature database were searched using predetermined key words and index terms to capture published and unpublished records on the topic. Two authors independently screened the title and abstract of each record, with the full-text of eligible records being reviewed. Papers were eligible for inclusion if they examined the population, concept and context of interest, were written in English and the full text was available. Data were extracted from each eligible record to guide discussion of the available literature on this topic. Results: Of 4771 records, 2695 articles underwent screening based on their title and abstract. After title and abstract screening 132 articles were eligible for full text review, with 24 articles included in the final analysis. This review identified that psychological resilience has primarily been investigated in the context of a range of age-related pathologies. The choice of functional and movement-evoked pain assessments in the included studies were often guided by the pathology of interest, with some being general or injury specific. Conclusion: This scoping review identified inconsistent conclusions regarding the role of resilience in the experience of MEP and the ability to return to function for older adults with a musculoskeletal injury. This scoping review highlights the need for longitudinal research to be conducted that allows a broader age range, including younger adults, to determine if multidimensional resilience may promote recovery form musculoskeletal injury

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Lessons on Collecting Data from Autistic Children Using Wrist-Worn Sensors

Autism is a diverse neurodevelopmental condition that has a hugely varying impact of the lives of autistic people. It is only in the last decades that a greater understanding and public awareness of the autism spectrum has come about, in-part thanks to a growing body of research into the condition. Wearable technology offers great promise in furthering autism research by providing an ability to do detailed behavioral analysis in real-life settings, such as in schools, with minimal intrusion. Such work is particularly crucial in exploring behaviours of those with complex needs and intellectual disabilities, a group who traditionally have been under-served. To achieve this there is a need for wearables that are both practical and acceptable to the individuals being studied. This paper presents our findings from a human-centred design approach to developing and deploying wrist-worn sensors among a diverse population of 16 autistic and 12 neurotypical children over a period of several months. Findings and recommendations from this work highlight the need to take both sensory factors and emotional dysregulation into account when designing wearables for autism. Individual aesthetic and social considerations are particularly important for older children. Equally, a period of sensor desensitisation is necessary when working among those with more complex needs