Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Pneumoperitoneum and Surgical Emphysema in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

A 29 year old male patient of Indian ancestry was admitted to an outside hospital with rapid deterioration of his level of consciousness. The patient required mechanical ventilation and transfer to MICU at Hamad Medical Corporation. The patient remained hypoxic. Chest X-ray, CT of chest, abdomen, pelvis and proximal areas of both lower limbs were performed. Pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, and extensive surgical emphysema were the diagnoses

Optimization methods for electric power systems: An overview

Power systems optimization problems are very difficult to solve because power systems are very large, complex, geographically widely distributed and are influenced by many unexpected events. It is therefore necessary to employ most efficient optimization methods to take full advantages in simplifying the formulation and implementation of the problem. This article presents an overview of important mathematical optimization and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used in power optimization problems. Applications of hybrid AI techniques have also been discussed in this article

Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Pneumoperitoneum and Surgical Emphysema in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

A 29 year old male patient of Indian ancestry was admitted to an outside hospital with rapid deterioration of his level of consciousness. The patient required mechanical ventilation and transfer to MICU at Hamad Medical Corporation. The patient remained hypoxic. Chest X-ray, CT of chest, abdomen, pelvis and proximal areas of both lower limbs were performed. Pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, and extensive surgical emphysema were the diagnoses. Keywords: Pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, surgical emphysema, barotrauma, mechanical ventilatio

Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Pneumoperitoneum and Surgical Emphysema in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

A 29 year old male patient of Indian ancestry was admitted to an outside hospital with rapid deterioration of his level of consciousness. The patient required mechanical ventilation and transfer to MICU at Hamad Medical Corporation. The patient remained hypoxic. Chest X-ray, CT of chest, abdomen, pelvis and proximal areas of both lower limbs were performed. Pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, and extensive surgical emphysema were the diagnoses

An overview of current knowledge and challenges in predicting breach through dams and levees

Predicting breach erosion processes is essential for the effective risk management of both dams and levees. This has been recognised for decades, with efforts to develop breach prediction models dating back to the 1960s and 70s. Over the past decades, numerical methods and computing have advanced, but since breach processes depend upon a combination of hydraulics, soil mechanics and structure response, the challenge to accurately predict breach formation for all scenarios has yet to be met. Research into different aspects of breach, and in particular into the soil erosion processes of different soils in different states, is starting to show how different erosion behaviour can arise for different hydraulic load and soil conditions. This new knowledge and understanding then needs to feed through into predictive and probabilistic models that industry can use in analysing and determining flood risk from breach. This paper provides an overview of current knowledge and practice in predicting the different types and phases of breach showing how research efforts around the world are progressively piecing together the jigsaw puzzle of processes that affect and dictate how breach initiates, forms and grows through dams and levees. This includes reference to recent and ongoing work in the France, Spain, the UK, the Netherlands and the USA, and shows how these research efforts are feeding into models and solutions suitable for industry application

Identification of Novel Bioactive Compound Derived from <i>Rheum officinalis</i> against <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> NCTC11168

Gastric diseases are increasing with the infection of Campylobacter jejuni. Late stages of infection lead to peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. C. jejuni infects people within different stages of their life, especially childhood, causing severe diarrhea; it infects around two-thirds of the world population. Due to bacterial resistance against standard antibiotic, a new strategy is needed to impede Campylobacter infections. Plants provide highly varied structures with antimicrobial use which are unlikely to be synthesized in laboratories. A special feature of higher plants is their ability to produce a great number of organic chemicals of high structural diversity, the so-called secondary metabolites. Twenty plants were screened to detect their antibacterial activities. Screening results showed that Rheum officinalis was the most efficient against C. jejuni. Fractionation pattern was obtained by column chromatography, while the purity test was done by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The chemical composition of bioactive compound was characterized using GC-MS, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared analysis. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the purified compound was 31.25 µg/ml. Cytotoxicity assay on Vero cells was evaluated to be 497 µg/ml. Furthermore, the purified bioactive compound activated human lymphocytes in vitro. The data presented here show that Rheum officinalis could potentially be used in modern applications aimed at the treatment or prevention of foodborne diseases.</jats:p

Identification of Novel Bioactive Compound Derived from Rheum officinalis against Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168

Gastric diseases are increasing with the infection of Campylobacter jejuni. Late stages of infection lead to peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. C. jejuni infects people within different stages of their life, especially childhood, causing severe diarrhea; it infects around two-thirds of the world population. Due to bacterial resistance against standard antibiotic, a new strategy is needed to impede Campylobacter infections. Plants provide highly varied structures with antimicrobial use which are unlikely to be synthesized in laboratories. A special feature of higher plants is their ability to produce a great number of organic chemicals of high structural diversity, the so-called secondary metabolites. Twenty plants were screened to detect their antibacterial activities. Screening results showed that Rheum officinalis was the most efficient against C. jejuni. Fractionation pattern was obtained by column chromatography, while the purity test was done by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The chemical composition of bioactive compound was characterized using GC-MS, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared analysis. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the purified compound was 31.25 µg/ml. Cytotoxicity assay on Vero cells was evaluated to be 497 µg/ml. Furthermore, the purified bioactive compound activated human lymphocytes in vitro. The data presented here show that Rheum officinalis could potentially be used in modern applications aimed at the treatment or prevention of foodborne diseases

Outcomes of targeted axillary radiation therapy with omission of axillary dissection in early breast cancer patients with one or two positive sentinel lymph nodes and extracapsular extension

Abstract Purpose Axillary dissection has been shown to be equivalent to axillary radiotherapy in the AMAROS trial; however, extracapsular invasion of sentinel lymph nodes was not considered among the evaluated variables. The clinical significance of extracapsular extension (ECE) in one or two positive sentinel lymph nodes remains under investigation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of targeted axillary radiation therapy while omitting completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in the presence of extracapsular extension. Methods A retrospective study was conducted between 2016 and 2023 involving cT1–2N0 breast cancer patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent either breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy, with extracapsular extension present in one or two positive sentinel lymph nodes. Results Our study included 213 patients treated between 2016 and 2023, with a median follow-up of 48.07 months (range: 9.07–103.10 months). ECE was ≤ 2 mm in 201 patients (94.4%) and > 2 mm in 12 patients (5.6%). A total of 112 patients (52.6%) underwent completion ALND. Systemic recurrence occurred in 24 patients (11.3%), while local recurrence occurred in one patient (0.5%). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 86% in the completion axillary clearance (AC) group and 89% in the non-AC group. The estimated DFS rates for the entire study at 1, 3, and 5 years were 97%, 89%, and 86%, respectively. Conclusions Within this single-institution study of early breast cancer patients with predominantly luminal A subtype and mostly limited ECE (≤ 2 mm) treated with targeted axillary radiation, omission of ALND did not result in inferior DFS compared to completion ALND. However, these findings are preliminary, hypothesis-generating, and limited by the retrospective design, short follow-up, and specific patient population studied. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these observations. Trial registration Retrospectively registered after the approval of Baheya Ethical Committee, IRB no. 202,304,030,017