Introduction to Diffraction and low x Dynamics

An attempt is made to illustrate the relation between low x process es and diffraction. ep scattering provides a unique laboratory, a single hadronic target probed by a point like lepton, where one can try to understand diffraction in terms of a colourless exchange in QCD. Low x processes eventually involve aspects of QCD which cannot be described perturbatively. The HERA inclusive measurements are examined in this respect and compared to results of the Tevatron.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures in eps. talk given at XXXI International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Sep. 1-7, 2001, Datong China See http://ismd31 .ccnu.edu.cn

A Hybrid Approach Support Vector Machine (SVM) – Neuro Fuzzy for Fast Data Classification

In recent decade, support vector machine (SVM) was a machine learning method that widely used in several application domains. It was due to SVM has a good performance for solving data classification problems, particularly in non-linear case. Nevertheless, several studies indicated that SVM still has some inadequacies, especially the high time complexity in testing phase that is caused by increasing the number of support vector for high dimensional data. To address this problem, we propose a hybrid approach SVM – Neuro Fuzzy (SVMNF), which neuro fuzzy here is used to avoid influence of support vector in testing phase of SVM. Moreover, our approach is also equipped with a feature selection that can reduce data attributes in testing phase, so that it can improve the effectiveness of time computation. Based on our evaluation in real benchmark datasets, our approach outperformed SVM in testing phase for solving data classification problems without significantly affecting the accuracy of SVM

Structural analysis of Salmonella enterica effector protein SopD

Salmonella outer protein D (SopD) is a type III secreted virulence effector protein from Salmonella enterica. Full-length SopD and SopD lacking 16 amino acids at the N-terminus (SopDDeltaN) have been expressed as fusions with GST in Escherichia coli, purified with a typical yield of 20-30 mg per litre of cell culture and crystallized. Biophysical characterization has been carried out mainly on SopDDeltaN. Analytical size exclusion chromatography shows that SopDDeltaN is monomeric and probably globular in aqueous solution. The secondary structure composition, calculated from the CD spectrum, is mixed (38% alpha-helix and 26% beta-strand). Sequence analysis indicates that SopD contains a coiled coil motif, as found in numerous other type III secretion system-associated proteins. This suggests that SopD has the potential for one or more heterotypic protein-protein interactions. Limited trypsin digestion of SopDDeltaN, monitored by both one-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy and SDS-PAGE, shows that the protein has a large, protease-resistant core domain of 286 amino acid residues. This single-domain architecture suggests that SopD lacks a cognate chaperone. In crystallization trials, SopDDeltaN produced better crystals than either full-length SopD or trypsin-digested SopDDeltaN. Diffraction to 3.0 Angstrom resolution has so far been obtained from crystals of SopDDeltaN

Chloride and lactose contents and chloride/lactose ratio in milk from Jersey cows in the first month of lactation

Avaliou-se a influência do período colostral nos teores lácteos de cloretos, lactose e do índice cloretos/lactose. Foram colhidas 418 amostras de leite provenientes de glândulas mamárias sadias, e que não apresentavam crescimento bacteriano ao exame microbiológico, de 127 vacas da raça Jersey. As amostras foram distribuídas em oito grupos: 0 ?1/2 dia; 1/2 ?1 dia; 1 ?2 dias; 2 ?3 dias; 3 ?5 dias; 5 ?7 dias; 7 ?15 dias; 15 ?30 dias em lactação. Nas amostras, colhidas antes da ordenha, foram determinados os valores de cloretos, por titulação colorimétrica, e de lactose, por radiação infravermelho, e calculou-se o índice cloretos/lactose. Nas primeiras 24 horas da lactação, observou-se abrupta diminuição no teor lácteo de cloretos e do índice cloretos/lactose, associada com o aumento no teor lácteo de lactose. A transição da secreção de colostro para leite em relação ao teor de cloretos e lactose e ao índice cloretos/lactose na secreção láctea ocorreu na primeira semana da lactação, a partir do terceiro dia da lactação para o valor de cloretos e para a relação cloretos/lactose e a partir do quarto dia da lactação para o teor de lactose. Recomenda-se, nas primeiras 24 horas da lactação, a adoção dos seguintes limites de normalidade: cloretos, <173,4mg/dL; lactose >3,94g/dL e índice cloretos/lactose, <6,11%. Entre o segundo e o sétimo dia da lactação (transição de colostro para leite), indicamse os seguintes limites: cloretos <125,9mg/dL; lactose, >4,03g/dL e índice cloretos/lactose <3,54In order to assess the influence of the colostral period on chloride and lactose levels and on the chloride/lactose ratio, 419 milk samples from 127 Jersey cows were analyzed. The samples were collected from healthy udders that did not present any bacterial growth in the microbiological examination. Cows were distributed into eight groups as follows: 0 ?1/2 day; 1/2 ?1 day; 1 ?2 days; 2 ?3 days; 3 ?5 days; 5 ?7 days; 7 ?15 days; 15 ?30 days of lactation. The samples were collected before milking to analyze the levels of chloride by colorimetric titration, lactose by infrared radiation, and to determine the chloride/lactose ratio. In the first 24 hours after partition, there was an abrupt reduction in chloride levels as well in chloride/ lactose ratio, associated with an increase in lactose levels. It was observed that the transition of the secretion from colostrum to milk, regarding chloride and lactose levels and chloride/lactose ratio occurred during the first week of lactation: from the 3rd day of lactation for chloride and chloride/lactose ratio and from 4th for the lactose levels. It is recommended the use the following thresholds as normal ranges for the first 24 hours of lactation: chloride <173.4mg/dL; lactose >3.94g/dL, and chloride/lactose ratio <6.11%; and between 2nd and 7th days of lactation (transition from colostrum to milk), it was suggested the use of the following values: chloride <125.9mg/dL; lactose >4.03g/dL and chloride/lactose ratio <3.5

Beautiful Mirrors and Precision Electroweak Data

The Standard Model (SM) with a light Higgs boson provides a very good description of the precision electroweak observable data coming from the LEP, SLD and Tevatron experiments. Most of the observables, with the notable exception of the forward-backward asymmetry of the bottom quark, point towards a Higgs mass far below its current experimental bound. The disagreement, within the SM, between the values for the weak mixing angle as obtained from the measurement of the leptonic and hadronic asymmetries at lepton colliders, may be taken to indicate new physics contributions to the precision electroweak observables. In this article we investigate the possibility that the inclusion of additional bottom-like quarks could help resolve this discrepancy. Two inequivalent assignments for these new quarks are analysed. The resultant fits to the electroweak data show a significant improvement when compared to that obtained in the SM. While in one of the examples analyzed, the exotic quarks are predicted to be light, with masses below 300 GeV, and the Higgs tends to be heavy, in the second one the Higgs is predicted to be light, with a mass below 250 GeV, while the quarks tend to be heavy, with masses of about 800 GeV. The collider signatures associated with the new exotic quarks, as well as the question of unification of couplings within these models and a possible cosmological implication of the new physical degrees of freedom at the weak scale are also discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 4 embedded postscript figures, LaTeX. Two minor corrections performe

Work Plans of the EUROTeV Technical Work Packages for 2005-2007

This report summarises the status of the work in the seven scientific Work Packages of EUROTeV as presented during the ILC-European Regional Meeting at Royal Holloway in June 2005. The purpose of the meeting was to monitor the progress and to contrast the developments inside EUROTeV with the worldwide developments of the GDE. The presentations of the entire meeting are available from http://www.pp.rhul.ac.uk/workshop/

Genomic Organization, Splice Variants and Expression of CGMl, a CD66-related Member of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen Gene Family

The tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) belongs to a family of proteins which are composed of one immunogiobulin variable domain and a varying number of immunoglobulin constant-like domains. Most of the membrane-bound members, which are anchored either by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety or a transmembrane domain, have been shown to convey cell adhesion in vitro. Here we describe two splice variants of CGMI. a transmembrane member of the CEA family without immunoglobulin constant.like domains. CGM1a and CGM1c contain cytopiasmic domains of 71 and 31 amino acids, respectively, The cytoplasmic region of CGM1a is encoded by four exons (Cyt1-Cyt4). Differential splicing of the Cyt1 exon (53 bp)..