How triathletes mount their bikes after first transition (T1). A proposal of classification

A proposal is submit for the classification referring to the different ways in which triathletes mount their bikes to start pedalling. This action happens at the end of the transition area (T1) after having gone across on foot, with the bikes at their side, or, led across by hand, in a specific way (Fernández, Romero, Merino and April, 2015). These are unique aspects of this sport, compared to other sports in which a bike is also used. The purpose of this research was concentrates in describing and classifying the motor behaviours that occur at the end of the transition area, in front of the “judge’s line”. This study was bassed on participants of 3 Spanish Elite Championships of different distances (407 triathletes). It was filmed in the moment when they picked up their bikes, passed through the transition area and mounted their bikes. Eleven different ways were discovered on how to mount a bike when passing the judge’s line.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Physical activity and spatial use during school break times in children aged four

Poster de CongresoAnalyze quantity of physical activity and use of space during school break times according to gender, in four-year-old pupils.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Differences according to modalities, distances and genders of how the triathletes carry their bicycles for the boxes during the first transition in the Spanish Championships

Introduction The purpose was to compare the proportion in the use (by elite or pro category) of the 4 types of hold-riding the bicycle during the transition between triathletes’ sex (men and women), distance or modality (Olympic, sprint, long and cross) at the Triathlon Spanish Championships. Method The sample was composed by 648 Spanish triathletes, participants of eight elite Spanish championship triathlon during 2016. Results Most of triathletes hold-ride the bike by the seat only while driving it (76.2%), followed by the handlebar (14.9%), seat-handlebar (7.1%) and stem styles (1.9%). The same tendency was showed within sex, category and race subcategories, except for Olympic (seat style was used for the 95% of triathletes), sprint (seat and handlebar styles were similar), and long (seat-handlebar and stem styles were equal). The results showed that there were statistically significantly differences in the proportion of triathletes that used each hold-riding of the bicycle between sex, race, and sex-race subcategories (p 0.05; Cramer´s V = 0.000-0.244). Discussion The difference between men and women is that men have twice the grip on the handlebars. The videos show that this may be because the groups of men in the boxes are greater than those of the women, and this sometimes forces them, to take the bike by the handlebar to control it better and avoid incidents. While in the Olympic, sprint and long-distance elite triathletes mostly used the seat style, and in the cross race the handlebar style.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Comparison of the effect of a Physical Education-Based Stretching Program applied during the Warm-Up, ColdDown and both periods on hamstring extensibility in Primary Schoolchildren.

Purpose. To compare the effects of a physical education-based stretching program applied during the warm-up, cold-down and both periods on hamstring extensibility in primary schoolchildren. Methods. A sample of 237 schoolchildren aged 7-12 years old (128 girls and 109 boys) from two primary school centres participated in the present study and met satisfactorily the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A cluster randomized controlled trial design was used. The classes balanced by grade were randomly assigned to the warm-up (n = 57), cold-down (n = 55), both periods (n = 61) or control groups (n = 64). During the physical education sessions, the students from the interventional groups performed a four-minute stretching program twice a week for eight weeks. The intervention program was applied during the warm-up (4 minutes), cold-down (4 minutes) and warm-up (2 minutes)-cold-down (2 minutes) for the warm-up, cold-down and both periods groups, respectively. Hamstring extensibility (estimated by the back-saver sit-and-reach test) was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the intervention program. Results. The one-way ANOVA (p 0.05). Conclusions. In order to develop students’ flexibility, PE teachers should apply stretching programs during the cold-down period. Due to the negative effect of static stretching on performance as previously found in the literature, it seems that PE teachers should improve students´ flexibility during the cool-down period of the sessions.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Gender differences and age-related changes in performance at the duathlon world champions

Analyze the differences in performance between genders, and changes in performance in age group category at Short distance during the ITU Duathlon World Championships held between 2005 and 2016.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Paulo Freire. A Educação como Instrumento para a Justiça Social

Este artículo presenta las ideas principales del pensamiento de Paulo Freire. Se ha seguido para ello una estructura tradicional para desarrollar brevemente las propuestas del autor: un recorrido por la vida y la bibliografía y la presentación de los elementos considerados esenciales en su obra. La última parte está dedicada a discutir sobre la actualidad del pensamiento de Freire en relación a cuestiones como la ciudadanía y la Justicia Social. El texto termina analizando la utilidad de sus aportaciones si asumimos una perspectiva crítica y reflexivaThis article presents the main ideas of Freire´s thought. It can be considered a traditional presentation to briefly develop life and works, and his main ideas. The last section is devoted to discuss about the actuality of Freire´s ideas in relation to issues such as citizenship and Social Justice. The article ends analysing the usefulness of his contributions if we assume a critical and reflexive perspective.Este artigo apresenta as ideias principais do pensamento de Paulo Freire. Seguiu-se para isso uma estrutura tradicional para desenvolver brevemente as propostas do autor: um percurso pela vida e a bibliografia e a apresentação dos elementos considerados essenciais em sua obra. A última parte está dedicada a discutir sobre a atualidade do pensamento de Freire em relação a questões como a cidadania e a Justiça Social. O texto termina analisando a utilidade de suas contribuições se assumirmos uma perspectiva crítica e reflexiva

Unlocking the correlation in fluvial outcrops by using a DOM-derived virtual datum: Method description and field tests in the Huesca fluvial fan, Ebro Basin (Spain)

Adequate characterization of depositional architecture is of great importance when studying fluvial outcrops as reservoir analogs. The complex three-dimensional (3D) distribution and lateral and vertical relationships of sandstone bodies require a high degree of stratigraphic control in order to make a proper assessment of the distribution and connectivity of the reservoir facies. This assessment demands the use of reliable correlation datums. Unfortunately, clear marker beds (e.g., ash layers, coal beds, and paleosols) are not always available in fluvial outcrops, and when present, they are often covered by vegetation or debris that prevents their tracking over long distances. A new method to achieve highly accurate and semiautomatic correlations within fluvial digital outcrop models (DOMs) is presented in response to the need for further correlation procedures, especially in the absence of suitable datums. The method is based on the hypothesis that the average depositional paleosurface of a sedimentary system can be represented by a plane at outcrop scale. If this assumption is valid, this plane can be used as a virtual datum to identify along the DOM the sediments that were deposited simultaneously. The method was tested and applied successfully within two kilometer-scale outcrops of the Huesca fluvial fan (Early Miocene, northern Spain), where the virtual datum provided accurate correlations regardless of stratigraphic or topographical complexities. Moreover, all the sedimentary successions of the outcrops could be automatically subdivided into the desired stratigraphic intervals by only moving the virtual datum vertically. These intervals can be subsequently isolated to facilitate the detection of subtle variations and trends of their fluvial properties. Consequently, a virtual datum is the equivalent of having a marker bed crossing the stratigraphic succession of an outcrop at any desired position. The advantages provided by a virtual datum prove to be especially useful in large and topographically complex outcrops that previously could not have been studied with such a high degree of 3D stratigraphic control

Uma abordagem ao conflito e à mediação no desenvolvimento local

Local development processes include a complex social dynamic where, frequently, conflicts has an important role, namely blocking the cooperation modes between social actors or institutions. Mediation can have an important role in local development processes. In this paper we analyse data from long lasting processes of local development, focusing on the mediation structure in order to highlight some conclusive reflections.Os processos de desenvolvimento local incluem dinâmicas sociais complexas nas quais, frequentemente, o conflito tem um papel importante, nomeadamente bloqueando as formas de cooperação entre os actores sociais ou as instituições. Neste artigo analisámos dados de um longo processo de desenvolvimento local, focando-nos na sua estrutura de mediação, com a finalidade de sublinhar algumas reflexões conclusivas

Estudio de la evolución histórica de la policromía de una talla gótica : aplicación de la técnica de correspondencia de policromías

El presente artículo explica la técnica de la correspondencia de policromías, aplicada al estudio de una talla medieval alavesa y concluye con la reconstrucción gráfica mediante un programa de tratamiento de imagen por ordenador de la diferentes policromías que presenta. Se analizan las circustancias en las que un estudio de estas características se puede llevar a cabo, defendiendo los criterios que aconsejan la conservación de todas las policromías superpuestas que podamos encontrar en una tallaArtikulu honetan polikromien egokitasunaren teknika azaltzen da, Erdi Aroan egindako Arabako taila baten azalpenari aplikatu ondoren, eta, bukatzeko, tailaren polikromia desberdinen berreraiketa grafikoa egiten da, ordenadorearen bidez irudiak tratatzeko programa bat erabiliz. Honelako azterketa bat egin ahal izateko baldintzak ikertzen dira, taila batean aurki ditzakegun gainjarritako polikromia guztiak mantentzearen aldeko erizpideak defendatu nahianCet article expose la technique de correspondance de polychormies, appliquée à I' étude d' une sculpture médievale d' Alava, et s' achève sur la réconstruction graphique des différentes polychromies avec un programe de traitement d' image par ordinateur. On analyse les conditions nécessaires à la réalisation d' une étude de ce genre, en prônant la conservation de toutes les polychromies superposées que présente la sculpture étudié