Degeneracy between mass and spin in black-hole-binary waveforms

We explore the degeneracy between mass and spin in gravitational waveforms emitted by black-hole binary coalescences. We focus on spin-aligned waveforms and obtain our results using phenomenological models that were tuned to numerical-relativity simulations. A degeneracy is known for low-mass binaries (particularly neutron-star binaries), where gravitational-wave detectors are sensitive to only the inspiral phase, and the waveform can be modelled by post-Newtonian theory. Here, we consider black-hole binaries, where detectors will also be sensitive to the merger and ringdown, and demonstrate that the degeneracy persists across a broad mass range. At low masses, the degeneracy is between mass ratio and total spin, with chirp mass accurately determined. At higher masses, the degeneracy persists but is not so clearly characterised by constant chirp mass as the merger and ringdown become more significant. We consider the importance of this degeneracy both for performing searches (including searches where only non-spinning templates are used) and in parameter extraction from observed systems. We compare observational capabilities between the early (~2015) and final (2018 onwards) versions of the Advanced LIGO detector.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure

Visual search for basic emotional expressions in autism: impaired processing of anger, fear and sadness, but a typical happy face advantage

Facial expression recognition was investigated in 20 males with high functioning autism (HFA) or Asperger syndrome (AS), compared to typically developing individuals matched for chronological age (TD CA group) and verbal and non-verbal ability (TD V/NV group). This was the first study to employ a visual search, "face in the crowd" paradigm with a HFA/AS group, which explored responses to numerous facial expressions using real-face stimuli. Results showed slower response times for processing fear, anger and sad expressions in the HFA/AS group, relative to the TD CA group, but not the TD V/NV group. Reponses to happy, disgust and surprise expressions showed no group differences. Results are discussed with reference to the amygdala theory of autism. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd

Essay – Finding the Error in Daubert

The Supreme Court in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. laid down the standard for admissibility of expert testimony. We believe the best standard is simpler than the one chosen by the Court: The Daubert standard really is about discerning the trustworthiness of expert, and trustworthiness is best determined through an expert’s accounting of the error within his testimony. Lower courts have struggled with the Daubert standard. We offer evidence of the problem and propose a new standard that would capture the essence of Daubert but significantly simplify its application

What Can Students Do With the Words They Know? An ELA Teacher Takes on Science

The Common Core State Standard and Next Generation Science Standards emphasize language and literacy across disciplines, requiring shifts in teaching practices and inventive approaches. This case study focuses on the instructional decision-making and activities of one uniquely experienced and qualified seventh-grade science teacher, whose English Language Arts background made her approach to vocabulary instruction distinctive, as she selected focus vocabulary and incorporated morphological instruction and lexical enhancement into science teaching practices. Results highlight the differences between content literacy and disciplinary literacy and the pitfalls of applying broad literacy strategies without deep consideration of disciplinary knowledge and requirements and provide examples of naturalistic ways to incorporate morphology instruction into science instructional conversations to enhance students’ relational knowledge

Proton irradiation induces persistent and tissue-specific DNA methylation changes in the left ventricle and hippocampus

Measures, completers, and wave of investigations. Figure S1. Controlling for IQ in the final model. Latent factors EF, ToM, ASD, and ADHD were regressed on IQ in the full final model (Figure A), nonsignificant paths were represented by dotted lines. Figure S2. Model including only measures from collected from the adolescents at the age of 14–16 years old. (DOCX 488 kb