Proyecto de inversión pública : instalación del servicio de estimulación temprana del puesto de salud Pativilca - distrito Pítipo, provincia de Ferreñafe, departamento Lambayeque

La carencia de mantener un adecuado servicio de atención integral de salud se percibe en todos los ámbitos del Perú es por ello que el presente proyecto “Instalación del servicio de estimulación temprana del puesto de salud Pativilca- distrito Pítipo, provincia de Ferreñafe, departamento Lambayeque”, tiene como objetivo mejorar el insuficiente acceso de los niños menores de 36 meses en la atención del servicio de estimulación temprana. Puesto que la estimulación temprana constituye un reto del próximo milenio, acometerla es responsabilidad no solo del profesional de enfermería, sino también se rescata la participación activa de los padres en esta labor. Así mismo al finalizar el proyecto se habrá logrado fortalecer las competencias del personal de salud para una adecuada atención integral; se habrá dotado de equipamiento suficiente en los servicios de salud y se habrá desarrollado conocimientos apropiados a las familias para el cuidado integral del niño menor de 3 años, además se contará con una apropiada información para el cuidado integral de los niños menores de 3 años; también se habrá fortalecido las capacidades de los agentes comunitarios en los sistemas de vigilancia comunitaria, para una adecuada atención integral del niño menor de 3 años. El presupuesto de inversión es de 357,586 nuevos soles.Trabajo académic

Executive Summary: Evaluation of the MacArthur Foundation's Human Rights and International Justice Grantmaking in Nigeria 2000-2012

The MacArthur Foundation commissioned Itad to conduct an evaluation of the Foundation's Human Rights and International Justice (HRIJ) grant?making program in Nigeria between 2000 and 2012. During this period, the Foundation supported 102 HRIJ projects with an end?date in 2000 or later, for a total grant amount of US$23,945,010. The projects broadly fell within the following thematic categories:- Accountability of democratic institutions, including the police- Justice: legal and judicial reform, including international justice standards - Protection and promotion of human rightsThe evaluation was commissioned to seek answers to the following questions: - Approach and strategy: o What has changed in the wider Nigerian HRIJ landscape in Nigeria since 2000? o What was the Foundation's HRIJ grantmaking strategy in Nigeria over this time? o How has the Foundation responded to change in the wider environment? o How has the implementation of grants contributed to strategic aims? - Impact: o What have been the main results of the Foundation's investments? o What was the Foundation's primary contribution to Nigeria HRIJ issues? o What lessons can be drawn for future HRIJ grantmaking in Nigeria

Galactic winds and stellar populations in Lyman α\alpha emitting galaxies at z ~ 3.1

We present a sample of 33 spectroscopically confirmed z ~ 3.1 Ly$\alpha$-emitting galaxies (LAEs) in the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. This paper details the narrow-band survey we conducted to detect the LAE sample, the optical spectroscopy we performed to confirm the nature of these LAEs, and a new near-infrared spectroscopic detection of the [O III] 5007 \AA\ line in one of these LAEs. This detection is in addition to two [O III] detections in two z ~ 3.1 LAEs we have reported on previously (McLinden et al 2011). The bulk of the paper then presents detailed constraints on the physical characteristics of the entire LAE sample from spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. These characteristics include mass, age, star-formation history, dust content, and metallicity. We also detail an approach to account for nebular emission lines in the SED fitting process - wherein our models predict the strength of the [O III] line in an LAE spectrum. We are able to study the success of this prediction because we can compare the model predictions to our actual near-infrared observations both in galaxies that have [O III] detections and those that yielded non-detections. We find a median stellar mass of 6.9 $\times$ 10$^8$ M$_{\odot}$ and a median star formation rate weighted stellar population age of 4.5 $\times$ 10$^6$ yr. In addition to SED fitting, we quantify the velocity offset between the [O III] and Ly$\alpha$ lines in the galaxy with the new [O III] detection, finding that the Ly$\alpha$ line is shifted 52 km s$^{-1}$ redwards of the [O III] line, which defines the systemic velocity of the galaxy.Comment: 38 pages, 27 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRA

The Dynamical Masses, Densities, and Star Formation Scaling Relations of Lyman Alpha Galaxies

We present the first dynamical mass measurements for Lyman alpha galaxies at high redshift, based on velocity dispersion measurements from rest-frame optical emission lines and size measurements from HST imaging, for a sample of nine galaxies drawn from four surveys. These measurements enable us to study the nature of Lyman alpha galaxies in the context of galaxy scaling relations. The resulting dynamical masses range from 1e9 to 1e10 solar masses. We also fit stellar population models to our sample, and use them to plot the Lyman alpha sample on a stellar mass vs. line width relation. Overall, the Lyman alpha galaxies follow well the scaling relation established by observing star forming galaxies at lower redshift (and without regard for Lyman alpha emission), though in 1/3 of the Lyman alpha galaxies, lower-mass fits are also acceptable. In all cases, the dynamical masses agree with established stellarmass-linewidth relation. Using the dynamical masses as an upper limit on gas mass, we show that Lyman alpha galaxies resemble starbursts (rather than "normal" galaxies) in the relation between gas mass surface density and star formation activity, in spite of relatively modest star formation rates. Finally, we examine the mass densities of these galaxies, and show that their future evolution likely requires dissipational ("wet") merging. In short, we find that Lyman alpha galaxies are low mass cousins of larger starbursts.Comment: Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal. 23 pp including three figures and four table

Creating an Online CME Module: Early Detection and Diagnosis of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

Introduction. The number of individuals living with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the United States is growing annually; only 40% are properly diagnosed. Primary care providers should identify individuals with cognitive impairment and provide options for care; early diagnosis of dementia and AD helps patients and families plan for the future, increases quality of life, and allows for treatment options.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1192/thumbnail.jp

Accounts from developers of generic health state utility instruments explain why they produce different QALYs: a qualitative study

Purpose and setting: Despite the label generic health state utility instruments (HSUIs), empirical evidence shows that different HSUIs generate different estimates of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in the same person. Once a HSUI is used to generate a QALY, the difference between HSUIs is often ignored, and decision-makers act as if \u27a QALY is a QALY is a QALY\u27. Complementing evidence that different generic HSUIs produce different empirical values, this study addresses an important gap by exploring how HSUIs differ, and processes that produced this difference. 15 developers of six generic HSUIs used for estimating the QOL component of QALYs: Quality of Well-Being (QWB) scale; 15 Dimension instrument (15D); Health Utilities Index (HUI); EuroQol EQ-5D; Short Form-6 Dimension (SF-6D), and the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) were interviewed in 2012-2013. Principal findings: We identified key factors involved in shaping each instrument, and the rationale for similarities and differences across measures. While HSUIs have a common purpose, they are distinctly discrete constructs. Developers recalled complex developmental processes, grounded in unique histories, and these backgrounds help to explain different pathways taken at key decision points during the HSUI development. The basis for the HSUIs was commonly not equivalent conceptually: differently valued concepts and goals drove instrument design and development, according to each HSUI\u27s defined purpose. Developers drew from different sources of knowledge to develop their measure depending on their conceptualisation of HRQoL. Major conclusions/contribution to knowledge: We generated and analysed first-hand accounts of the development of the HSUIs to provide insight, beyond face value, about how and why such instruments differ. Findings enhance our understanding of why the six instruments developed the way they did, from the perspective of key developers of those instruments. Importantly, we provide additional, original explanation for why a QALY is not a QALY is not a QALY

Carry-Over Effects in Complex Life Cycles: Linking Larval Food Supply with Juvenile Recruitment Success in Sea Stars

The supply of new individuals into a population is one of the most important factors impacting species distributions and ecological interactions within a community. For marine invertebrates with complex life cycles, the supply of new individuals into a population can be influenced by factors experienced throughout their life history—before, during, or after metamorphosis. In recent years, scientists have begun to take a more holistic approach to understanding marine population assemblages by considering links between early life stages. When experiences in the pre-metamorphic life stages impact post-metamorphic life stages, this is known as carry-over effects. Because carry-over effects impact fitness of individuals, they could determine which individuals are recruited into the population and ultimately influence adult population structure. Using the keystone sea star Asterias forbesi, I tested how carry-over effects of larval food environment influence post-metamorphic performance in juveniles. I also tested whether carry-over effects could be compensated for if juvenile sea stars are fed juvenile mussels. Larvae were reared to metamorphosis under high larval food concentration and low larval food concentration. to test for carry-over effects of larval food concentration, my response variables at metamorphosis were survival, age, juvenile area, and juvenile spine number. to test if carry-over effects could be compensated for, each juvenile sea star was reared for 2-3 weeks on a juvenile feeding treatment of unfed, 1 juvenile mussel week-1, 3 juvenile mussels week-1, or 6 juvenile mussels week-1. My main response variables for the juvenile feeding experiment were mussel mass consumed and juvenile growth rate. I predicted that juveniles that settled early would experience the most severe carry-over effects, so I conducted the juvenile feeding experiment on the first settlers (“early”) and settlers that delayed their metamorphosis relative to the first settlers (“late”). Overall, I found that A. forbesi larvae reared under low food concentration took longer to reach metamorphosis and settled as smaller juveniles with fewer spines compared to those juveniles reared on high larval food concentration. For early settlers, juveniles from low larval food background metamorphosed at smaller sizes, so they reduced feeding and had lower mean growth rates compared to juveniles from high larval food background. Therefore, carry-over effects significantly impacted early settler performance, and this could not be overcome through juvenile feeding. However for late settlers, there was no significant difference in area at settlement between juveniles reared from high versus low larval food background. Therefore, carry-over effects of larval food environment were not present among late settlers, and thus there were no differences observed in juvenile performance. The differences observed between early and late settlers suggest that there may be a trade-off between larval duration time (i.e. delaying metamorphosis) and post-metamorphic performance

Introduction of tau oligomers into cortical neurons alters action potential dynamics and disrupts synaptic transmission and plasticity

Tau is a highly soluble microtubule-associated protein that acts within neurons to modify microtubule stability. However, abnormally phosphorylated tau dissociates from microtubules to form oligomers and fibrils which associate in the somatodendritic compartment. Although tau can form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), it is the soluble oligomers that appear to be the toxic species. There is, however, relatively little quantitative information on the concentration-dependent and time-dependent actions of soluble tau oligomers (oTau) on the electrophysiological and synaptic properties of neurons. Here, whole-cell patch clamp recording was used to introduce known concentrations of oligomeric full-length tau-441 into mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal and neocortical Layer V thick-tufted pyramidal cells. oTau increased input resistance, reduced action potential amplitude and slowed action potential rise and decay kinetics. oTau injected into presynaptic neurons induced the run-down of unitary EPSPs which was associated with increased short-term depression. In contrast, introduction of oTau into postsynaptic neurons had no effect on basal synaptic transmission, but markedly impaired the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). Consistent with its effects on synaptic transmission and plasticity, oTau puncta could be observed in the soma, axon and in the distal dendrites of injected neurons

Responding to Academic Needs of Senior Citizens in the Metropolitan Marketplace

Senior citizen demographics and available technologies provide opportunities for higher education to meet the growing needs of adult learners, especially in a metropolitan university. This case study will take participants through the planning process that resulted in a new campus for Widener University that opened in September 2004 in Chester County, Pa. The project development from feasibility to actualization, as well as senior learning models, the adult learning environment, curricula, and student services will be presented