Mutational Analysis of Uterine Cervical Cancer That Survived Multiple Rounds of Radiotherapy

学位記番号：医博甲175

The effect of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on bovine embryo development in vitro : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science in Animal Science at Massey University

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) either during in vitro maturation (IVM) or in vitro culture (IVC) on bovine embryo development. Three main experiments were conducted using oocytes aspirated from 2-8 mm diameter follicles collected from cows slaughtered at local abattoirs, Hamilton. The oocytes were matured in a modified TCM-199 containing 10 µ/ml of FSH and LH, and 1 µg/ml E2, fertilised in TALP and cultured in SOF/AA/BSA. Experiment 1 examined the effect of LIF (0, 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) and various time periods of IVM (18, 22 or 28 h), in a 4 × 3 factorial design on oocyte maturation. Following maturation, oocytes were stripped out of cumulus cells, then denuded oocytes were stained in 1% lacmoid for determination of maturation stage while the cumulus cells were examined for the incidence of apoptosis by observation of DNA fragmentation using gel electrophoresis procedures. Experiment 2 comprised two parts, (a) the effect of LIF (0, 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) at 24 h IVM in a randomised block design on in vitro development of embryos, (b) comparison of 20 vs 24 h IVM in the presence of LIF (0, 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) in a 2 × 4 factorial experiment on embryo development. In the two studies, the proportion of bovine oocytes that cleaved and developed to blastocyst stage was recorded. In addition, cell numbers of blastocysts after Giemsa staining were counted. Experiment 3 examined the effect of LIF during IVM (0 vs 1000 U/ml) or IVC (0, 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) in a 2 × 4 factorial design on development of embryos. The incidence of cleavage and blastocyst development and cell numbers of blastocysts were recorded. In addition, blastocysts were further categorised into early, expanded and hatched blastocyst stages and cell numbers of blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) after differential staining with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide were determined. In Experiment One, an interaction of LIF concentration and duration of IVM was not observed for the proportion of immature oocytes reaching metaphase II (P>0.05). The presence of LIF (500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) increased the proportion of oocytes at metaphase II at 18 h (50%, 52% or 58%, respectively, compared to without LIF= 27%), indication that LIF may accelerate the maturation process in vitro. Supplementation of LIF during IVM did not affect the incidence of apoptosis of the cumulus cells. In Experiment Two, compared to 24 h IVM in the presence of LIF, 20 h IVM significantly increased blastocyst rates (Σ blastocysts : Σ cleaved, P0.05), however the data show that treatment groups of 20 h IVM in LIF resulted in higher cell numbers of blastocysts than achieved by 24 h IVM. In Experiment Three, there was a correlation between LIF during IVM and LIF during IVC in the proportion of blastocysts (P0.05). However, blastocysts derived from oocytes matured without LIF had significantly increased cell numbers (121 cells) compared to those matured in 1000 U/ml LIF (109 cells, P0.05). However, a concentration of 2000 U/ml LIF during IVC accelerated blastocyst development with more blastocysts hatching (60%, P0.05). A concentration of 1000 U/ml LEF during IVC resulted in higher cell numbers of ICM (P<0.05). This study suggests that LIF of 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml increased the proportion of metaphase II bovine oocytes and even reduced the time course of IVM. Supplementation of LIF during IVM may suppress the incidence of apoptosis of the cumulus cells. IVM for 20 h in the presence of LIF resulted in a higher number of blastocysts and 1000 U/ml LIF during IVM and culture in LIF increased the proportion of blastocysts. A higher concentration of LIF is required for reaching the hatched blastocyst stage. A level of 1000 U/ml LIF during IVC promoted higher cell numbers of ICM

ANALYZING OPERATIONAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ON THE FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (FINTECH) FIRM (Case Study on Samsung Pay)

This study aims to analyze the operational and financial performance of Samsung Pay at United States in the year of 2015. Operational performances consist of availability, security, and effectiveness and usability of Samsung Pay. Financial performances consist of profitability, inventory turnover, percentage of sold phone which acceptable to use Samsung Pay in US to all sold phone of Samsung in the year of 2015, and the percentage of sold phone which acceptable to use Samsung Pay in US to US Samsung Pay users in 2015. The theory used in this research is Corporate Performance Evaluation Theory. Methods of data collection used in this research is literature study with secondary data in the form of Annual Financial Statement of Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd and the Subsidiaries in the Year of 2015. Descriptive qualitative method is used to analyze the research data. The result of the research found that the value of operational and financial performances of Samsung Pay is 3,1 of 4. So it can be said that the performance of financial and operational in Samsung Pay is great. Limitations of this research is no explanation about the revenue and job of the Samsung Pay‟s users at US, this research was not involved inside Samsung Pay but done by document analysis, as well as a minimum of information or data about Samsung Pay. The next research are expected to use the other data with the different set of research object and region, as well as to add the other performance indicators other than financial and operational

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PROVERBS IN INDONESIAN AND ENGLISH: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTIC STUDY

This research aims at (1)finding the similarities and differences of Indonesian and English proverbs,(2) explaining the cultural background for such similarities and differences.This research was descriptive qualitative. The data collection method was simak and catat (read and write) Meanwhile, the data analysis method was padan (identy) whose determining instrument was each language’s culture. The finding shows that to express the same underlying meaning, both languages use proverbs whose literal meanings are sometimes different and sometimes the same. This relates to the cultures of the two languages. Some parts of the cultures are different; some are the same

MARJINALISASI PEREMPUAN PERTAMA MELALUI LAGU SUATU ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS TERHADAP LAGU JADIKAN AKU YANG KEDUA

Sepanjang 2006 dan 2007, ada banyak lagi yang liriknya mengandung makna perselingkuhan atau poligami. Hal itu juga diikuti dengan fenomena poligami dan perselingkuhan yang dilakukan oleh para tokoh masyarakat terkenal dari pebisnis, politisi, sampai akademisi. Satu dari lagu terkenal itu berjudul Jadikan Aku yang Kedua. Secara mengejutkan, walaupun judul lagu tersebut menunjukkan lagunya bermakna poligami, mayoritas pendengar yang meminta lagu itu di radio adalah wanita. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tentang marginalisasi wanita yang dibicarakan dalam lirik lagu ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis wacana kritis dengan teknik analisis menggunakan model Norman Fairclough. Artikel ini juga menggunakan kerangka teoritis subtantif, yaitu hegemoni, ideologi, dan feminism serta teori analisis kajian dari Michael Foucault. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lagu tersebut merupakan kajian untuk memarginalkan wanita pertama, tetapi menguatkan wanita kedua. Penulis lagu memiliki kemampuan untuk merefleksikan ideologi pendengar terhadap ideologi patriarki, dan menggunakannya untuk menyemangati wanita untuk berani menjadi yang kedua

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kebijakan Dividen

This research aims to analyze factors which influence dividend policy. Variables include company life cycle, investment opportunity set, earnings, size, managerial ownership and institutional ownership. This research is used quantitative approach by using multiple linear regression. For samples is the manufacturing company that allocated dividend for period 2004-2008 which listed on PT Bursa Efek Indonesia. The number of observation are equal to 125. Research finding indicates that size, earnings and managerial ownership doesn't affect significantly to dividend policy. Company life cycle gives significantly negative affect to dividend policy, investment opportunity set and institutional ownership significantly positive affect to dividend policy

A user friendly geographic information system for soil conservation planners : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science in Soil Science at Massey University

Computer disk is unreadable.Soil conservation is an important activity for sustainable, productive landuse. To ensure sound effective soil conservation planning, the people who are involved in this activity - the planners and the decision makers - should know (among other things) how best to use a land resource inventory database, which has been stored in a computer. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyse such data is a technique which is being widely advocated. Unfortunately, most GIS computer programs are too difficult for the people like soil conservation planners who usually have little knowledge of computers. To help them understand GIS and then use GIS for their planning, a user friendly interface to the GIS was created. Two systems were created for the Pijiharjo sub-watershed, Indonesia; one with a popup menu, the other with a pulldown menu. Both interfaces were created using the SML (Simple Macro Language) command which is available under pc ARC/Info version 3.4D Plus. Although they looked different to the user, both used the same commands to execute the various operations. Once the initial design was completed, an evaluation was held to check whether the design was satisfactory from the user's point of view. The result of the evaluation showed that both systems were simple and easy to understand. However, there were some aspects that should be revised, such as the HELP facility. Similar databases from other areas could be analysed using these interfaces with the only requirement being a modification to the introductory remarks. Ideas for the future development of such systems are also discussed

PROSES PEMBUATAN MINUMAN HERBA ROSELA (Hibiscus sabdariffa \ud L.) :KAJIAN SUHU DAN LAMA PENGERINGAN

Plant has complex chemical components. People has been using herbal plant as medicine since long time ago. Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) one of herbal plant which is famous \ud talking because it’s merit and usefulness for health. The purpose of this research is to change rosellas’ petals into rosella herbal drink. Futhermore, this research has two \ud approaches to achieve the purpose. The first is knowing the effect of drying temperature and drying time length to the rosella herbal drink, then the second is knowing the \ud interaction between drying temperature and drying time length to the quality of rosella herbal drink. \ud This research was done at the Laboratorium of Farm Technology Muhammadiyah University of Malang on June until October 2007. The research used Randomized Complete Block \ud Design (RCBD) which was arranged factorially. Each of them repeated three times and obtained 12 combinations. Factor I : drying temperature S1 = 70OC, S2 = 80 OC, S3 = 90 \ud OC, and S4 = 100 OC. Factor II: drying time length, L1 = 120 minutes, L2 = 90 minutes, L3 = 60 minutes. Data collected was analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique, then continued by test of real differential DMRT 5%. \ud The research result indicated that there was interaction between drying temperature and drying time length to water rater, ash rate, nutrient C, total dissolved density, color \ud intensity, acidity (pH), anti-oxydant, and rendemen. The best treatment was S3L3 (drying temperature in 900C for 60 minutes). This treatment produced rosella tea with 11.0835% of water rate, 0.5540% of nutrient C, 5.2822 of ash rate, 2.7767 of acidity, 0.5467o Brix of dissolved density totally, 16.1667 of reddish level, 8 of yellowish level, 35.2333 of brightness, 13.1092% of rendemen, and 0.9067 of anti-oxydant. \ud In the organoleptic test, panelist prefered dried rosella which has 3.46 of color (quite interesting) and 3.26 of aroma (quite attracted). Moreover panelist prefered steeping rosella which has 3.13 of taste (quite good), 4.06 of color (interesting), and 2.33 of aroma (not interesting)

STUDI EKSPLORASI TRANSFORMASI PRODUKSI RUANG PERPUSTAKAAN OLEH PEMUSTAKA DIGITAL NATIVES (Studi Kasus di Perpustakaan Pusat UGM)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi motif apa saja yang melatarbelakangi pemustaka digital natives berkunjung ke ruang perpustakaan, mengetahui apa yang dialami pemustaka digital natives tentang fenomena transformasi ruang perpustakaan, dan mengetahui pemustaka digital natives memaknai pengalamannya terhadap transformasi ruang perpustakaan di Perpustakaan Pusat UGM. Menggunakan perspektif kajian budaya dan media, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan, dan penelusuran dokumen. Peneliti mengumpulkan data dari dari 3 informan pemustaka digital natives yang menggunakan ruang perpustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara textural mengenai apa yang dialami oleh pemustaka digital natives yaitu memiliki beragam motif yang melatarbelakangi berkunjung di ruang Perpustakaan Pusat UGM. Sementara itu, secara structural hasilnya dapat dideskripsikan bahwa berada di ruang perpustakaan serasa di ruang virtual, artinya pemustaka digital natives mengalami fenomena transformasi ruang perpustakaan di Perpustakaan Pusat UGM, seperti adanya perubahan ruang dalam hal fungsi ruang, alokasi ruang virtual, akses koleksi fisik ke koleksi elektronik, serta ruang yang berbasis pengetahuan. Pengalaman, perasaan dan makna yang diperoleh para informan terhadap transformasi ruang perpustakaan di Perpustakaan Pusat UGM yaitu adanya praktik ruang, representasi ruang, ruang representasional, serta sebagai arena kontestasi

A COMPLEX SURFACE FORMATION MODEL ON CHITOSAN ADSORPTION TO METALS

The aim of the first year research is: to predict a complex surface formation between chitosan and metal ions. This prediction is according to the plot adsorptive capacity and the bonding tendency between chitosan and some metals. Chitosan as adsorbent isolated from Green Crab’s shell. Metal ions used in this research are Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) and Pb(II). The subject of this research is green crab’s shell (Scylla serata) and the object is the adsorptive capacity chitosan to some metal ions. Chitosan was prepared in three steps: deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation. This chitosan are impurities by 20 %- 30%kitin. The adsorption experiment was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours. A half gram of chitosan was added into 50 mL of various metals solution at pH system 5. This experiment was performed in two methods. An each ion metal was adsorbed by chitosan and some metal ions i.e: Cr(III), Cu(II), and Ni(II) (1:1:1) were adsorbed simultaneous. Chitosan was characterized by FTIR. Metal ions concentration before and after adsorption was measured by by AAS. Adsorptive capacity is defined as differences of metal ion concentration due to the adsorption per gram chitosan. Then the obtained data was plotted through Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm equations. The result of this work concludes that adsorptive capacity of chitosan in order for some metals ion are Cr(III) > Fe(II)> pb(II) = Zn(II)> Ni(II) = Cu(II). The interaction chitosan with metal ions is indicated complex surface formation by -NH2 groups or –OH groups. A multilayer are formatted by active site chitosan and metal ion interactions, but the interaction of chitosan to copper(II) is prefer a monolayer formation. Key words: chitosan, adsorption, multilay FMIPA, 2006 (PEND. KIMIA