Modernidad literaria y discurso ensayístico en los Retratos reales e imaginarios, de Alfonso Reyes

RESUMEN  En este ensayo me ocupo de uno de los libros más importantes (y menos estudiados) de la etapa madrileña de Alfonso Reyes.  Publicado en México en 1920, este volumen reúne (y resignifica) una serie de ensayos misceláneos que Reyes cuidadosamente seleccionó y resignifico para darle un sentido de argumentación crítica. Me interesa describir el rol subterráneo que este libro ha jugado en el desarrollo y modernización del ensayo hispanoamericano, de ahí que me ocupe tanto de su forma como de su dimensión ensayística. Retratos reales e imaginarios abre un modo narrativo particular que tendrá en Jorge Luis Borges y Roberto Bolaño a dos de sus más grandes exponentes.   ABSTRACT   In this essay I deal with one of the most important (and least studied) books of Alfonso Reyes' Madrid stage. Published in Mexico in 1920, this volume brings together (and resignifies) a series of miscellaneous essays that Reyes carefully selected and resignified to give him a sense of critical argumentation. I am interested in describing the underground role that this book has played in the development and modernization of the Hispano-American essay, which is why I am concerned with both its form and its essay dimension. Retratos reales e imaginarios opens a particular narrative mode that will have Jorge Luis Borges and Roberto Bolaño two of its greatest exponents. RESUMEN  En este ensayo me ocupo de uno de los libros más importantes (y menos estudiados) de la etapa madrileña de Alfonso Reyes.  Publicado en México en 1920, este volumen reúne (y resignifica) una serie de ensayos misceláneos que Reyes cuidadosamente seleccionó y resignifico para darle un sentido de argumentación crítica. Me interesa describir el rol subterráneo que este libro ha jugado en el desarrollo y modernización del ensayo hispanoamericano, de ahí que me ocupe tanto de su forma como de su dimensión ensayística. Retratos reales e imaginarios abre un modo narrativo particular que tendrá en Jorge Luis Borges y Roberto Bolaño a dos de sus más grandes exponentes.    ABSTRACT   In this essay I deal with one of the most important (and least studied) books of Alfonso Reyes' Madrid stage. Published in Mexico in 1920, this volume brings together (and resignifies) a series of miscellaneous essays that Reyes carefully selected and resignified to give him a sense of critical argumentation. I am interested in describing the underground role that this book has played in the development and modernization of the Hispano-American essay, which is why I am concerned with both its form and its essay dimension. Retratos reales e imaginarios opens a particular narrative mode that will have Jorge Luis Borges and Roberto Bolaño two of its greatest exponents.

Fractional spinon excitations in the quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain

Assemblies of interacting quantum particles often surprise us with properties that are difficult to predict. One of the simplest quantum many-body systems is the spin 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain, a linear array of interacting magnetic moments. Its exact ground state is a macroscopic singlet entangling all spins in the chain. Its elementary excitations, called spinons, are fractional spin 1/2 quasiparticles; they are created and detected in pairs by neutron scattering. Theoretical predictions show that two-spinon states exhaust only 71% of the spectral weight while higher-order spinon states, yet to be experimentally located, are predicted to participate in the remaining. Here, by accurate absolute normalization of our inelastic neutron scattering data on a compound realizing the model, we account for the full spectral weight to within 99(8)%. Our data thus establish and quantify the existence of higher-order spinon states. The observation that within error bars, the entire weight is confined within the boundaries of the two-spinon continuum, and that the lineshape resembles a rescaled two-spinon one, allow us to develop a simple physical picture for understanding multi-spinon excitations.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary material

Минимаксный подход в задачах синтеза систем, оптимальных по квадратичному критерию качества

Эта работа посвящена одному из этапов решения задачи синтеза системы автоматического управления, а именно проблеме выбора параметров управляющего устройства при условии обеспечения необходимого качества процесса управления. Выбор параметров осуществляется при наличии неопределенности цели, выражается в отсутствии информации о параметрах подинтервальнои функции квадратичного критерия качества

Die zentrale Vermarktung von Europapokalspielen aus ökonomischer Sicht

Die Verknüpfung von Sport- und Medien1 ist nicht neu, aber neu ist die Dominanz des wirtschaftlichen Wettbewerbs gegenüber dem sportlichen Wettbewerb. Vor kurzem haben das Bundeskartellamt und der Bundesgerichtshof dem Deutschen Fußballbund die zentrale Vermarktung der Fernsehrechte untersagt. Im Gegenzug gelang es dem DFB, die zentrale Vermarktung als Ausnahme vom allgemeinen Kartellverbot in der jüngsten GWB-Novelle zu verankern. Wie ist dies aus ökonomischer Sicht zu beurteilen

Evidence of a bond-nematic phase in LiCuVO4

Polarized and unpolarized neutron scattering experiments on the frustrated ferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain LiCuVO4 show that the phase transition at HQ of 8 Tesla is driven by quadrupolar fluctuations and that dipolar correlations are short-range with moments parallel to the applied magnetic field in the high-field phase. Heat-capacity measurements evidence a phase transition into this high-field phase, with an anomaly clearly different from that at low magnetic fields. Our experimental data are consistent with a picture where the ground state above HQ has a next-nearest neighbour bond-nematic order along the chains with a fluid-like coherence between weakly coupled chains.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Low dimensional ordering and fluctuations in methanol-β\beta-hydroquinone-clathrate studied by X-ray and neutron diffraction

Methanol-$\beta$-hydroquinone-clathrate has been established as a model system for dielectric ordering and fluctuations and is conceptually close to magnetic spin systems. In X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments, we investigated the ordered structure, the one-dimensional (1D) and the three-dimensional (3D) critical scattering in the paraelectric phase, and the temperature dependence of the lattice constants. Our results can be explained by microscopic models of the methanol pseudospin in the hydroquinone cage network, in consistency with previous dielectric investigations

The food safety impact of salt and sodium reduction initiatives

Excessive or high salt or sodium intake is known to cause hypertension and other diseases. Within the United Kingdom voluntary targets for salt reduction have been set and laid out in the Secretary of State responsibility deal. This review considers the options available to food manufacturers to enable them to reduce salt and the potential food safety risks associated with those options. Gaps in research and knowledge within the areas of information supplied to food manufacturers, alternative solutions for salt replacement and the food safety impact of salt reduction are discussed