Primary Colonic Lymphoma: Report of Two Cases and a Literature Review

Abstract Introduction: Primary colonic lymphoma is a highly rare malignant tumor. There is no standard treatment method for this disease. We report two cases of primary lymphoma of the colon successfully treated with chemotherapy and surgery respectively.Case Presentation: In the first case, a 61-year-old female presented with the symptoms of abdominal pain for more than one month. The patient was diagnosed with a colonic tumor. However, immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the initial diagnosis of colonic lymphoma. The patient underwent laparoscopic assisted right hemicolectomy and followed by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), combined with targeted therapy of rituximab. In the second case, a 78-year-old male presented with complaints abdominal distention for more than one year. Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma was definitely diagnosed by immunohistochemical examinations. And this patient treated by the systemic chemotherapy with R- CHOP regimen.Conclusions: Primary colonic lymphoma is a rare type of NHL. The clinical treatment is not standardized unlike many other types of lymphomas. Maybe it is mainly based on the symptoms to determine whether surgery or systemic chemotherapy. Rituximab is effective in some patients which may play an important role in the treatment of unresectable or asymptomatic colonic lymphoma.</jats:p

Apatinib for Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Angiosarcoma: A Case Report

Introduction: Primary colorectal angiosarcoma is a highly rare malignant tumor. There is no standard treatment method for this disease. No treatment of rectal angiosarcoma with apatinib has been reported so far. Case Presentation: In the current study, an 87-year-old male presented with the symptoms of frequent defecation for more than one month in Hangzhou, China, in 2018. The patient was initially diagnosed with a rectal stromal tumor. The patient underwent ultrasound-guided transrectal mass puncture in the next treatment. However, immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the initial diagnosis of rectal angiosarcoma. The patient had advanced age and rectal angiosarcoma with metastasis; he had no surgical indications, and we tried to use apatinib 250 mg/d treatment to control the progression of the lesion. Then, he received apatinib, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). The patient has been stable to apatinib with a dose of 250 mg daily by now. Conclusions: Apatinib may play an important role in the treatment of unresectable angiosarcoma.</jats:p

Efficacy Comparison and Safety Analysis of Radical Resection of Sigmoid Colon Cancer Based on Different Cancer Locations

Abstract Background: Sigmoid colon cancer is a common type of colon cancer; it refers to tumor lesions occurring in the segment approximately 16 cm to 50 cm from the anal margin. Currently, surgical resection is the most effective treatment for non-metastatic sigmoid colon cancer. Therefore, to more accurately standardize colon cancer surgery, we classified the sigmoid colon into distal and proximal segments. This study compares and analyzes the intraoperative situation, postoperative pathology and safety of radical resection of sigmoid cancer in different locations from different aspects. Result: The patients with sigmoid colon tumor can be divided into distal group (16-30cm from the anus) and proximal group (31-50cm from the anus) according to the distance between the tumor and the anal margin. Conclusion: The patients in the distal group using stapler for intestinal anastomosis and anal decompression tube were significantly more than those in the proximal group. For the ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, high ligation was usually used or the left colic artery was usually preserved in the distal group, and the superior rectal artery was usually retained in the proximal group. The incidence of postoperative complications in the distal group was higher than that in the proximal group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups.</jats:p

Primary colonic lymphoma: report of two cases and a literature review

Primary colonic lymphoma is a very rare malignant tumor with no standard treatment. We report two cases of primary colonic lymphoma successfully treated with surgery and chemotherapy, and chemotherapy alone, respectively. The first case was a 61-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain of more than 1 month. The patient was diagnosed with a colonic tumor, and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the initial diagnosis of colonic lymphoma. The patient underwent laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy followed by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen, combined with targeted therapy with rituximab (R-CHOP). The second case was a 78-year-old man who presented with a complaint of abdominal distention for more than 1 year. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was definitively diagnosed by immunohistochemical examinations, and the patient underwent systemic chemotherapy with the R-CHOP regimen. Primary colonic lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and the clinical treatment is not standardized, unlike for many other types of lymphoma. Therefore, treatment is mainly based on the patient’s symptoms to determine whether surgery or systemic chemotherapy is appropriate. Rituximab is effective in some patients and may play an important role in the treatment of unresectable or asymptomatic colonic lymphoma.</jats:p

Efficacy comparison and safety analysis of radical resection of sigmoid colon cancer based on different cancer locations

Abstract Background: Sigmoid colon cancer is a common type of colon cancer; it refers to tumor lesions occurring in the segment approximately 16 cm to 50 cm from the anal margin. Currently, surgical resection is the most effective treatment for non-metastatic sigmoid colon cancer. Therefore, to more accurately standardize colon cancer surgery, we classified the sigmoid colon into distal and proximal segments. This study compares and analyzes the intraoperative situation, postoperative pathology and safety of radical resection of sigmoid cancer in different locations from different aspects. Result: The patients with sigmoid colon tumor can be divided into distal group (16-30cm from the anus) and proximal group (31-50cm from the anus) according to the distance between the tumor and the anal margin. Conclusion: The patients in the distal group using stapler for intestinal anastomosis and anal decompression tube were significantly more than those in the proximal group. For the ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, high ligation was usually used or the left colic artery was usually preserved in the distal group, and the superior rectal artery was usually retained in the proximal group. The incidence of postoperative complications in the distal group was higher than that in the proximal group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups.</jats:p

Efficacy Comparison and Safety Analysis of Radical Resection of Sigmoid Colon Cancer Based on Different Cancer Locations

Abstract Background: Sigmoid colon cancer is a common type of colon cancer; it refers to tumor lesions occurring in the segment approximately 16 cm to 50 cm from the anal margin. Currently, surgical resection is the most effective treatment for non-metastatic sigmoid colon cancer. Therefore, to more accurately standardize colon cancer surgery, we classified the sigmoid colon into distal and proximal segments. This study compares and analyzes the intraoperative situation, postoperative pathology and safety of radical resection of sigmoid cancer in different locations from different aspects. Result: The patients with sigmoid colon tumor can be divided into distal group (16-30cm from the anus) and proximal group (31-50cm from the anus) according to the distance between the tumor and the anal margin. Conclusion: The patients in the distal group using stapler for intestinal anastomosis and anal decompression tube were significantly more than those in the proximal group. For the ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, high ligation was usually used or the left colic artery was usually preserved in the distal group, and the superior rectal artery was usually retained in the proximal group. The incidence of postoperative complications in the distal group was higher than that in the proximal group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups.</jats:p

Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase-2 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker of Colorectal Cancer: A Study Based on Bioinformatics Approaches

Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with high mortality rates. Some studies have attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC, and few CRC biomarkers are now used in clinical practice. Methods: Herein our aim was to identify a new potential prognostic biomarker of CRC, while providing further theoretical basis for studying the pathogenesis of CRC. Results: PYCR2 expression was to be much higher in CRC tissues than in corresponding non-cancerous tissues, and the prognosis of patients with high PYCR2 expression was significantly poorer than that of those with low PYCR2 expression. Further, PYCR2 showed a high correlation with TRMT61B and CDC23 expression. We found that gene mutations had a significant influence on the prognosis of CRC. PYCR2 siRNA transfection decreased and inhibited the ability of migration and invasion in CRC cells. Conclusions: To summarize, our findings provide novel insights to facilitate better diagnosis as well as treatment of CRC.</jats:p

Exosomal circZFR promotes colorectal cancer progression via interacting with BCLAF1 and regulating the miR-3127-5p/RTKN2 axis

Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained attention as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Aberrant expression of circRNAs is widely involved in cancer development, whereas the function and mechanism of novel circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Methods CircZFR was identified both in CRC tissues from the GEO database and in serum exosomes by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) microarray. The expression of circZFR was evaluated in CRC tissues and serum by qRT-PCR and in tissue microarray (TMA) by FISH. The functional roles were confirmed using a series of in vitro assays and tumor xenografts and pulmonary/hepatic metastasis mouse models. The mechanisms of circZFR were assessed through circRNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), dual-luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments. Lastly, TCP1-CD-QDs nanocarrier was used to carry circZFR siRNA (si-circZFR) to exam the therapeutic potential of circZFR in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Results CircZFR was upregulated in cancer tissues and serum exosomes of CRC patients and its level was positively associated to advanced TNM stages and poor prognosis. Serum circZFR was indicative of CRC incidence, advanced-stages and metastasis. Functional experiments demonstrated that circZFR promoted CRC proliferation and metastasis but inhibited apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, exosomes with upregulation of circZFR facilitated growth and migration of cocultured CRC cells. Mechanistically, the generation of circZFR could be improved by epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) in CRC cells. CircZFR bound to BCL2-associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1) and inhibited its ubiquitinated degradation. Moreover, circZFR sponged miR-3127-5p to increase the expression of rhotekin 2 (RTKN2). Our TCP1-CD-QDs nanocarrier was able to carry si-circZFR and delivered them to the vasculature of CRC tissues and cells, resulting in suppressive tumor growth without obvious adverse effects in PDX models. Conclusions Our findings indicate that ESRP1-mediated circZFR exerts oncogenic effects on CRC development and spread through suppressing BCLAF1 degradation and regulating the miR-3127-5P/RTKN2 axis. CircZFR is a promising serum biopsy marker for CRC diagnosis and an attractive target for further therapy.</jats:p