Determination of somaclonal variation by ISSR marker in micropropagated female buttum (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks) tree

Bitkilerde, biyotik ve abiyotik streslere karşı direnç istenenilen karakterler olup, mikroçoğaltım teknikleri ile elde edilen klonlarda bu genetik özelliklerin kaybolması istenmez. Mikroçoğaltım teknikleri ile klonlanmış bitkilerin genetik kararlılığını bilmek, ticari üretimde güvenli kullanımları hakkında önemli bir bilgi vermektedir. Bu çalışmada buttum (Pisatacia khinjuk Stoks ) dişi ağaçlarından (Ağaç1 ve Ağaç2) alınan sürgünler 5., 10., 15., 20. ve 24. alt kültürlerde anaç olarak kullanılmıştır. Donör bitkilerde (Ağaç 1 ve Ağaç 2) ve bunlardan alınan örneklerin rejeneresayon yoluyla elde edilen klonlarında somaklonal varyasyonun belirlenmesi için basit dizi tekrarı (ISSR) moleküler markörleri kullanılmıştır. Sürgün çoğalması, 2 mg/L 6-benziladenin (BA) içeren Murashige ve Skoog (MS) ortamında sağlanmıştır. Sürgünler, 2 mg/L 1-Naftalinasetik asit (NAA) içeren MS ortamında köklendirilmiştir. Seçilen 20 adet primer kullanılarak 675'i polimorfik (%72) olmak üzere toplam 925 bant elde edilmiştir. Polimorfizm oranı %36 (UBC841) ile %98 (UBC855) arasında değişmiştir. Benzerlik oranı, Ağaç 1 ile mikro-çoğaltılmış klonları arasında %74-79, Ağaç 2 ile mikro-çoğaltılmış klonları arasında %78-82 aralığında bulunmuştur.The desired genetic characters that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses of rootstocks must be retained in clones obtained from micropropagation techniques without induction of somaclonal variations. Generally subculturing for long duration of times may end up in somaclonal variations. Knowing the genetic stability of micropropagated clone plants gives a clue about their safe use in commercial production. In this study, shoots taken from buttum (Pisatacia khinjuk Stocks) female trees (Tree1 and Tree2), were used as rootstocks in 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 24th subcultures. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers were used for determination of somaclonal variation in the donor plants (Tree1 and Tree2) and its regenerated clones. Shoot proliferation was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.00 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA). The shoots were rooted on MS medium, containing 2 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). A total of 925 bands, 675 of which were polymorphic (72%), were generated using selected 20 primers. Polymorphism ratio ranged from 36% (UBC841) to 98% (UBC855). The similarity rate was found in range of 74-79% between Tree1 and its micropropaated clones, and 78- 82% between Tree2 and its micropropagated clones

Anatolian medicinal plants as potential antiviral agents: bridging traditional knowledge and modern science in the fight against COVID-19 and related viral infections

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the cause of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), commonly known as the coronavirus pandemic. Since December 2020, COVID-19 vaccines have been extensively administered in numerous countries. In addition to new antiviral medications, the treatment regimen encompasses symptom management. Despite sustained research efforts, the outbreak remains uncontrolled, with affected patients still lacking proper treatment. This review is a valuable asset for researchers and practitioners aiming to delve into the yet unexplored potential of Anatolian flora in the fight against COVID-19 and other viral infections. Numerous medicinal plants in Anatolia, such as thyme, sage, cannabis, oregano, licorice root, and Origanum sp., contain bioactive compounds with proven antiviral properties that have been used in the region for centuries. The rich legacy of traditional Anatolian medicine (TAM), has significantly influenced modern medicine; thus, the profusion of medicinal plants native to Anatolia holds promise for antiviral drug development, making this review essential for researchers and practitioners

Olgun Antepfıstığı’nın (Pistacia vera L.) Stomatal ve Morfolojik Özellikleri Üzerine In vitro Mikropropagasyon Büyüme Koşullarının Etkisi

This research was conducted to reveal the stomatal anatomy, stomatal index and water loss (%) of mature pistachio leaves as well as the leaves of different phases (multiplication, rooting, hardening and regenerated plant) of micropropagation of mature pistachio trees obtained from the in vitro. Microscopic observations on surfaces of these leaves showed variety from elliptical to ovate stomata with length of 0.81-2.02 μm and width of 1.58-3.80 μm. An increase in stomatal index (SI) in the leaves of plants grown in vitro was observed most specifically in the hardening phase. (17.49±0.04). The stomatal index declined in the leaves of plantlets transferred to in vivo conditions subsequent to the hardening phase. In order to measure water loss, leaves obtained from all types of samples were dried in the oven between 30 minutes and 2 hours and weighed. The percent water loss of in vitro leaves of multiplication phase was greater than the other phases. The stomatal differentation was found to be influenced by the different hardening regimes applied. Hardening by covering the pots with polyethylene bags improved the survival rate. This study indicates that optmization of in vitro micropropagation stages is necessary to avoid transplantation stress.Bu çalışma, olgun antepfıstığı ağaçlarının in vitro olarak mikroçoğaltımının farklı evrelerinden (çoğaltma, köklendirme, alıştırma ve rejenere bitki) elde edilen yaprakların stoma anatomisini, stoma indeksini ve su kaybını (%) ortaya çıkarmak için yapılmıştır. Yaprak yüzeyinde yapılan mikroskobik gözlemler, 0.81-2.02 µm uzunluğunda ve 1.58-3.80 µm genişliğinde eliptikten ovat stomaya kadar çeşitlilik göstermiştir. In vitro yetiştirilen bitkilerin özellikle alıştırma aşamasında yapraklarında stoma indeksinde (SI) bir artış gözlenmiştir (17.49±0.04). Alıştırma aşamasından sonra in vivo koşullara transfer edilen bitki yapraklarının stoma indeksi azalmıştır. Su kaybını ölçmek için, her çeşit numuneden elde edilen yapraklar, 30 dakika ile 2 saat arasında fırında kurutularak tartılmıştır. Çoğaltma aşamasındaki su kaybı yüzdesinin diğer aşamalara göre daha büyük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Stoma farklılaşmasının, uygulanan doğal şartlara aktarım metodu tarafından da etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Saksıların polietilen poşetlerle kapatılması yoluyla gerçekleştirilen aklimatizasyon yönteminin yaşama oranını arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, transplantasyon stresinden kaçınmak için in vitro mikro-çoğaltma aşamalarının optimizasyonunun gerekli olduğunu göstermektedir

Influence of Salinity on <em>In Vitro</em> Production of Terpene: A Review

Terpenes are the largest group of plant secondary metabolites with many biological activities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral. They are natural plant products frequently used in many sectors, such as medicine, agriculture, and perfumery. Various biotechnological strategies have been developed to increase terpene production and variety in plants. Among these approaches, using stimulants that induce in vitro accumulation of plant secondary metabolites, such as elicitor, is one of the best alternatives. Successful effects of salt (NaCl), an abiotic elicitor, on terpene production in different plant species have been reported. This technique remains relevant as a promising approach to the yet unknown chemistry of many plant species. Therefore, this review aims to appraise the literature available for using NaCl stress as an elicitor in in vitro cultures to increase terpene compounds in plants

Developments in pistachio biotechnology

European Biotechnology Congress -- SEP 28-OCT 01, 2011 -- Istanbul, TURKEY[Abstract Not Available]European Biotechnol Themat Network Asso

IN VITRO ROOTING IMPROVEMENT OF ADULT PISTACHIO, PISTACIA VERA L. 'ATLI'

Axenic cultures of Pistacia vera L. 'Atli' initiated on agar solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with Gamborg vitamins supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and indole-3-acetic-acid (IAA) were proliferated and maintained on an MS medium supplemented with 4.4 ?M BA. Using these proliferated cultures, effects of: i) washing of the basal-cut-ends in sterile distilled water; ii) dipping of the basal-cut-ends in the different indole butyric acid (IBA) solutions; iii) cloned shoots; and iv) explant sizes (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 cm long) were assessed for root induction. The highest rooting frequency (92%) of microshoots was recorded at 4.0 cm long cloned and twice washed microshoots. Rooting was apparent within 14 days. The present study also aimed to reduce the occurrence of basal callus production. The microshoots cultured from the cloned shoots produced less calli than the mixed population, and developed roots that resemble the seedling plantlets. Those plantlets that had been rooted and exposed to sterile compost were able to acclimatize readily. Major improvement of the present study over previously published protocols has been achieved with the improvement of the in vitro rooting percentages of adult pistachio plantlets