Heaven, Sunnanäng or Nangijala. An essay on how we should talk to children about death, sucide, and life after death based on the Brother Lionheart and The red bird

The purpose of this essay is to compare the books The red bird and The Brothers Lionheart, written by Astrid Lindgren, to see how the author touches on the subject of death, suicide and life after death. The question asked; How does the literature describe death from the perspective of the relative? In what way does the literature describe what happens after death? How can it help us talk about what happens when we die? As well as talking with childern about the subject of suicide, from a Christan perspective? To answer these questions; articles, interviews and direct comments from Astrid Lindgren are used as well as other books discussing suicide and how you talk about suicide, death and the afterlife with children. This essay analyzes the two books written by Astrid Lindgren and focuses on the aspect that is life after death. The conclusion of the essay is that both books describe the reaction from the relatives in a similar way. Life in Sunnanäng is described as gray and boring, the sorrow is great, and the children are longing for how things were. In The Brothers Lionheart, Skorpans sorrow and longing is also described as great after his brother's deadly accident. In The red bird the children go back and forth from a better life but in The Brother Lionheart, Skorpan can only hope to see his brother again in Nangijala. The presence of death gives Skorpan and Jonatan strength to fight for freedom in Nangijala. There are both similarities and differences in how the afterlife is described in each book. In both books the children's fantasies and dreams become reality. However, each pair of children have their own view of what the dream world looks like, therefore the tales are set in different worlds. Sunnanäng is always green and in springtime , and they have an abundance of food while Nangijala is more of an adventure world where the children must fight evil. In The red bird, from a Christian perspective it is better to not speak to children about suicide because it puts liability on the child. Though, in The Brother Lionheart it creates possibility for a discussion between children and adults on the topic of suicide. It is up to the reader to decide if they want to view the books from a Christian perspective. Most importantly, the interpretation of the book is not decided by the author’s intention writing it, that is left to the eyes of the reader

Blågrön klimatanpassning Hur Sveriges kommuner implementerar och utvärderar blågrön dagvattenhantering

Mänskligheten står i nuläget inför en stor utmaning i att ställa om och anpassa våra samhällen för att kunna möta mer frekvent samt intensiv nederbörd till följd av klimatförändringar. I takt med att jordens befolkning ökar expanderar samtidigt städerna, vilket kräver mer hårdgjorda ytor i urbana miljöer. Till följd av det ökar problemen relaterat till dagvattenhantering och översvämningar. För att kunna hantera problemen behöver städernas rörsystem byggas om och kompletteras med multifunktionella åtgärder som kan möta dessa problem. Syftet med kandidatarbetet utformades tillsammans med handledarna på VTI, Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. Arbetet syftade till att undersöka hur Sveriges kommuner arbetar med klimatanpassningsåtgärder, med särskilt fokus på hur dessa åtgärder följs upp och utvärderas. Gruppen har valt att fokusera på blågröna infrastrukturlösningar. Dessa lösningar syftar till att behandla dagvatten med hjälp av växtlighet och naturbaserade material samt betraktas som en multifunktionell lösning som uppfyller fler effekter än de hydrologiska. De bidrar även till att öka andelen gröna ytor i städer som bidrar till biologisk mångfald, bevarande av ekosystem och rekreationsytor. Det har det gjorts en sammanställning av det aktuella kunskapsläget inom ämnet med hjälp av att studera litteratur och tidigare forskning inom ämnet. Arbetet bygger till stor del på kvalitativt arbete. Underlaget som använts i arbetet samlades in med hjälp av en webbenkät som skickades ut till alla kommuner i Sverige via mejl. Från dessa svar genomfördes en djupare intervju med fyra kommunrepresentanter. Resultatet från enkäten och intervjuerna har sedan analyserats med hjälp av kunskapsöversikten och resulterat i en slutsats. Resultatet av arbetet visar att det finns ett stort intresse för klimatanpassningar, då de flesta kommuner ser ett behov för att minimera ekonomiska skador på fysisk infrastruktur. Arbetet med klimatanpassningsåtgärder är på flertalet platser i uppstartsfas men försvåras i många fall av hinder kopplat till ekonomiska, tekniska och reglerande faktorer. Samtidigt finns det starka institutionella drivkrafter inom kommuner samt opinionen, vilket gör det till en mycket aktuell fråga när det kommer till ny exploatering och ombyggnation. Bedömningen är att de flesta kommuner inte har ett strukturerat utvärderingsarbete då de till stor del saknar kunskapen och resurserna som krävs. Det här arbetet har försökt identifiera de största drivkrafterna och hindren som är viktiga för utveckling och fortsatt forskning för det aktuella området. Dessutom har det undersökts hur kommuner kan ta hjälp av varandra för att utveckla sin implementering av blågröna lösningar och utvärdera dem

Effect of Conditioning Time on Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids and Total Tract Digestibility of Energy in Diets Fed to Growing Pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of conditioning time prior to pelleting on digestibility of energy and AA in swine diets. Treatments consisted of a mash diet, and three separate pelleted diets that were conditioned for either 30, 60, or 180 s prior to pelleting. For exp. 1, a total of 12 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, DNA; initially 99.1 ± 5.95 lb) were allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four treatments and four periods for a total of 12 replicate pigs per treatment. Pigs were housed individually in metabolic crates equipped with a cup-drinker, a feeder, and partial metal diamond-slatted flooring. For each experimental period, the first 5 d were considered adaptation to the diet and during d 6-7 ileal digesta was collected. For exp. 2, a total of 12 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, DNA; initially 75.2 ± 2.27 lb.) were allotted to a replicated 4 × 3 balanced incomplete Latin square design with four treatments and three periods for a total of nine replicate pigs per treatment. Pigs were housed individually in the same metabolic crates as exp. 1. For each experimental period, the first 5 d were considered adaptation to the diet, and the following 5 d were considered the collection period. During collection, a screen and urine pan were installed to allow for the total and separate collection of feces and urine samples. For exp. 1, a treatment effect (P \u3c 0.001) was observed for SID of CP, all indispensable AA, all dispensable AA, and total AA, excluding Lys, Met and Trp, which show no differences. The SID of CP, Arg, Leu, Thr, Ala, Ser, and Tyr was greater (P \u3c 0.05) in the pelleted diets compared to the mash diet. For His, Ile, Phe, Val, Asp, and Glu, mash diets had decreased (P \u3c 0.05) SID compared to the pelleted diets conditioned for 60 s and 180 s. However, there was no evidence of difference in SID of Val for any of the conditioning lengths. For SID of Cys, mash diets had decreased (P \u3c 0.05) SID compared to the pelleted diets conditioned for 180 s, and there was no evidence of difference between the mash diets and pelleted diets conditioned for 30 s or 60 s. For the concentrations of DE and ME in both as-is and dry matter-basis, diets conditioned for 60 s had the greatest (P \u3c 0.05) concentrations compared to the mash, 30 s, and 180 s treatments. These results indicated that long-term conditioning, up to 180 s, did not negatively impact AA acid digestibility or ME, and improved AA digestibility for certain AA compared to diets conditioned for 30 s. It was also demonstrated that conditioning the diets for 60 s optimized the DE and ME of the diet

Effect of Benzoic Acid, Myristic Acid, and Aspergillus Niger on the AME and N Retention in Grow-Finishing Pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of benzoic acid, myristic acid, and Aspergillus niger on the digestibility of DM and GE, and the concentration of DE and ME in diets fed to growing pigs. A total of 10 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, DNA; initially 75.2 ± 2.27 lb.) were allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with five treatments and five periods for a total of 10 replicate pigs per treatment. Pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates equipped with a feeder, drinker, and a wire mesh floor. Pigs were fed dietary treatments for a 5-day adaptation period followed by a 5-day collection period. During collection, a screen and a urine pan were installed below the floor of the crate to allow for the total and separate collection of feces and urine. A basal corn-soybean meal, wheat middlings and DDGS-based diet was formulated as a negative control and a corn soybean meal-based diet was formulated as positive control. Three additional diets were formulated by adding one source of benzoic acid, myristic acid, or Aspergillus niger to the negative control. Therefore, a total of five diets were formulated. The positive control diet had the greatest (P \u3c 0.05) ATTD of GE and DM, ME and DE compared to the negative control diet with or without feed additives. There was no evidence of difference between ATTD of DM and GE between the negative control diet and the negative control diets with either benzoic acid, myristic acid, or Aspergillus niger. However, the negative control diet containing myristic acid had increased (P \u3c 0.05) DE concentration compared to the negative control. There was a tendency for the negative control diets containing benzoic acid and Aspergillus niger to have increased (P \u3c 0.15) concentration of DE compared to the negative control diet without feed additives. Similarly, there was a tendency of increased (P \u3c 0.15) concentration of ME in diets containing added myristic acid and benzoic acid compared to the negative control diet. There was no evidence of difference (P \u3e 0.15) in ME concentration between the negative control diet with and without Aspergillus niger. The positive control diet had the greatest (P \u3c 0.05) N retention and N digestibility as percentage of intake compared to all negative control treatments. However, there was no evidence of differences between the negative control diet and the negative control treatments containing the feed additives. This data suggests that the inclusion of myristic acid and benzoic acid has the potential to increase the concentration of ME in diets with high fiber concentrations without impacting N retention

Studies In Divine Kingship In The Ancient Near East

Oxford261 p.; 23 c

The media debate on meat consumption regarding animal ethics. : A critical discourse analysis.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka aktuella mediedebatter om köttkonsumtion ur ett djuretiskt perspektiv. Studien bygger på teorin om karnism och kritisk diskursanalys. Artikelsökningen gjordes genom Mediearkivet Retriever och avgränsades till de fyra största tidningarna i Sverige, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen och Svenska Dagbladet, från 2014 fram till idag. Det empiriska materialet bestod av 25 artiklar och ur dessa framkom fem diskurser: köttnormsdiskursen, djurrättsdiskursen, hälsodiskursen, marknadsdiskursen och miljödiskursen. Diskurserna gick ofta in i varandra och hade ofta fler än ett perspektiv. Studiens resultat visade att köttnormsdiskursen är den hegemoniska diskursen. Även om flera av artiklarna förespråkade konsumtion av enbart svenskt och ekologiskt kött, var köttkonsumtion ändå normen. Trots att köttkonsumtionen idag är rekordhög, var de flesta artiklarna oväntat eniga om att köttkonsumtionen måste minska drastiskt för hälsan, miljön och djurens skull.The essay examines the recent media coverage of meat consumption from an animal ethical perspective. The study is based on the theory of carnism and critical discourse analysis. For the article search Mediearkivet Retriever was used and the search was limited to four main newspapers in Sweden, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen and Svenska Dagbladet. The time span was from the beginning of 2014 until today. The essays material consisted of 25 articles and from them five discourses were identified: The meat norm discourse, the animal rights discourse, the health discourse, the market economy discourse and the environmental discourse. The discourses often related to one another and often included more than one perspective. The study showed that the hegemonic discourse is the meat norm discourse. Although many of the articles were in favor of a drastic cut down of meat consumption, and suggested consumption of only Swedish and organic meat, the norm was still to consume meat. Although statistics show very high meat consumption, there seem to be a surprising consensus in the articles that meat consumption must decrease drastically, for health reasons, the environment and for the wellbeing of animals

Sex på deltid : Deltidssexsäljares upplevelser av sexarbetet och sexköpslagen

The aim of this study in social work was to investigate Swedish part-time sex workers' experiences of selling sex, of the Swedish Prohibition of Purchase of Sexual Services Act, of people's attitudes toward selling and buying sexual services and the consequences thereof. In the analysis the Erving Goffman stigma theories were used. Three part-time sex workers described their day-to-day experiences of selling sex as well as holding an ordinary job. None of them experienced that the Prohibition of Purchase of Sexual Services Act had an immediate effect on them in their work, what bothered them most was the attitudes toward sex work from society, friends and relatives. The negative attitude forced them to live a double life. None of the sex workers had the impression that the legislation had any concrete effects on their customers. One sex worker expressed the view that the law itself could be a trigger for some customers and that it also helped preserve a negative and disparaging attitude toward sex workers in society. The study concluded that prostitution is a multifaceted phenomenon that has been a victim of simplification in many previous studies, partly for ideological purposes, and recommended a more individual perspective on the matter