Challenges of E-Governance in Higher Education Institutions in Sudan

E-governance has brought significant advantages that enhance the delivery of public services, make the administration system more transparent and accountable as well as and encourage the participation of stakeholders in the decision-making process. Particularly in developing countries like Sudan, but due to many challenges that hinder its full application, e-governance is not yet fully applied. These challenges encompass social, political, and technological considerations; beset the successful implementation of e-governance. All of these need to be given due care and attention in order to be successfully developed. This study aims to examine these challenges as the 21st century has brought many significant advantages to higher education education through the technological advancements that facilitate the education services delivery as some universities have gone far by adopting e-governance in order to enable easy access to educational resources for students and creating educational platforms. The study adopted a quantitative approach, and the data was collected using structured questionnaires via random sampling. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis (SPSS). The findings revealed that there is a need for good university governance practice, improving infrastructure, and allocating a good budget for higher education institutions

Morphological Terms in the Textbooks of Morphology: A study of their concepts Overlapping and Forms substitution: مُصْطَلَحَاتُ الصَّرْفِ العَمَلِي فِي كُتُبِ الصَّرْفِ دِرَاسَةٌ فِي تَدَاخُلِ مَفَاهِيمِها، وَتَنَاوُبِ الصِّيَغِ

This study investigates practical morphology terms in the textbooks of morphology in terms of concepts overlapping and forms substitution. The main objectives are to define the terms of practical morphology as introduced by the morphologists and to investigate these terms in terms of overlapping and forms substitution showing the relationship between these terms citing from the holly Quran and the Arabic poetry. This study came up with some results most notably is that in terms of coinage and naming, practical morphology has been used by bin Malik and the basis of morphological studies is to start with its practicality before the scientific aspects and the study of morphology precedes syntax. Citing from Quran and Arabic poetry manifests a powerful relation between the adverb of place and the adverb of time from one hand, and the present participle and the gerund from the other hand.</jats:p

Pregnancy and commonly usage hematological medications in Sudan

Background: When a woman with hematological issues considers pregnancy, she may need to take drugs. Objectives: This research looked into the use of hematological drugs to treat illnesses like anemia.  Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study which carried out in Military Hospitals and Khartoum Teaching Hospital (Sudan) from Jan 2014 - Jan 2015.  Data collection form was used to extract the information from 650 pregnant patient files. The information recorded included: age, trimester, medical history and hematological drugs. Results and Discussion: Four hundred &amp; forty two (N=442=68%) of the women had normal (75-90%) hemoglobin, and 208 (32%) were below normal (40-70%) hemoglobin. Four hundred &amp; thirty one (66.3%) of the pregnant women were dispensed hematological medications and the consumption was significantly higher in the third trimester (7-9 months) 89.6% of women (N = 386) than the second trimester (4-6 months) 10% of women (N = 43) and the first trimester (1-3 months) 0.46% of women (N = 2).</jats:p

Pregnancy and commonly usage hematological medications in Sudan

Background: When a woman with hematological issues considers pregnancy, she may need to take drugs. Objectives: This research looked into the use of hematological drugs to treat illnesses like anemia. &nbsp;Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study which carried out in Military Hospitals and Khartoum Teaching Hospital (Sudan) from Jan 2014 - Jan 2015.&nbsp; Data collection form was used to extract the information from 650 pregnant patient files. The information recorded included: age, trimester, medical history and hematological drugs. Results and Discussion: Four hundred &amp; forty two (N=442=68%) of the women had normal (75-90%) hemoglobin, and 208 (32%) were below normal (40-70%) hemoglobin. Four hundred &amp; thirty one (66.3%) of the pregnant women were dispensed hematological medications and the consumption was significantly higher in the third trimester (7-9 months) 89.6% of women (N = 386) than the second trimester (4-6 months) 10% of women (N = 43) and the first trimester (1-3 months) 0.46% of women (N = 2)

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Drugs Among Pregnant Women in Sudan

Background: Pregnant women with heart disease present multiple medical dilemmas. Pregnancy-related physiological changes impair the heart's ability to respond to pathological processes such as hypertension and heart failure. Aim: The current study's aim is to elicit data on cardiovascular medication use during pregnancy. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study, carried out in Military Hospitals and Khartoum Teaching Hospital, in Sudan. A data collection form was utilized to gather information from 650 patient files of pregnant women. Results: 650 subjects met the study criteria; 7% of women (N=46) were dispensed cardiovascular medications, the consumption being significantly higher in the third trimester (7-9 months) in 78.26% (p&lt;0.05). The most common cardiovascular drugs dispensed were Methyldopa (N=26, 4.0%), Heparin (N=9, 1.3%), Nifedipine (N=7, 1.0%), Hydralazine (N=2, 0.3%) and Diazepam (N=2, 0.3%). Methyldopa is the commonest in the all trimesters - first (1-3 months) (N=2, 0.3%), second (4-6 months) (N=4, 0.6%) and third (7-9 months) (N=20, 3.0%). Nifedipine and Diazepam were used only in the third trimester. Conclusions: There are many clinical situations requiring cardiovascular medications in pregnancy. Thus, it is necessary to conduct frequent health educational programs educating pregnant women about the risk factors for pregnancy-induced cardiovascular disease, and proper use of medication. Keywords: Pregnant Women, Cardiovascular Medications, Hypertension, Methyldopa</jats:p

UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Profiling of Secondary Metabolites from Methanol Extracts of In Vivo and In Vitro Tissues of <i>Daucus capillifolius</i> Gilli (A Comparative Study)

Daucus capillifolius Gilli is a rare annual wild herb grown in Libya. It belongs to the Apiaceae family, which is one of the largest flowering plant families. Plants of this family are outstanding sources of various secondary metabolites with various biological activities. A UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of different extracts of in vivo and in vitro tissues of Daucus capillifolius together with the fruit extract of the cultivated plant in both ionization modes was carried out for the first time in the current study. Our results reveal the tentative identification of eighty-seven compounds in the tested extracts, including thirty-two phenolic acids and their derivatives; thirty-seven flavonoid glycosides and aglycones of apigenin, luteolin, diosmetin, myricetin and quercetin, containing glucose, rhamnose, pentose and/or glucuronic acid molecules; seven anthocyanins; six tannins; three acetylenic compounds; and three nitrogenous compounds. The tentative identification of the above compounds was based on the comparison of their retention times and ESI-MS/MS fragmentation patterns with those previously reported in the literature. For this Apiaceae plant, our results confirm the presence of a wide array of secondary metabolites with reported biological activities. This study is among the first ones to shed light on the phytoconstituents of this rare plant

Pregnancy and Commonly Usage Hematological Medications in Sudan

Background: When a woman with hematological issues considers pregnancy, she may need to take drugs. Objectives: This research looked into the use of hematological drugs to treat illnesses like anemia. &nbsp;Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study which carried out in Military Hospitals and Khartoum Teaching Hospital (Sudan) from Jan 2014 - Jan 2015.&nbsp; Data collection form was used to extract the information from 650 pregnant patient files. The information recorded included: age, trimester, medical history and hematological drugs. Results and Discussion: Four hundred &amp; forty two (N=442=68%) of the women had normal (75-90%) hemoglobin, and 208 (32%) were below normal (40-70%) hemoglobin. Four hundred &amp; thirty one (66.3%) of the pregnant women were dispensed hematological medications and the consumption was significantly higher in the third trimester (7-9 months) 89.6% of women (N = 386) than the second trimester (4-6 months) 10% of women (N = 43) and the first trimester (1-3 months) 0.46% of women (N = 2)

Enhancing the notification system for surveillance of infectious diseases in Qatar during the FIFA World Cup 2022: project overview

Abstract Background In 2022, the Surveillance Department of the Ministry of Public Health in Qatar adopted an integrated project called the Notification Enhancement Project (NEP) to enhance the infectious disease notification system. Efficient surveillance and notification promote early alerts and allow immediate interference in reducing morbidity and mortality from outbreaks. The project was designed to improve the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and notification processes of healthcare workers in Qatar by increasing their reporting rates. Methods The strategy for comprehensively enhancing notifications was based on the observation and evaluation of the current notification system, the implementation of interventions, and post-evaluation follow-up. To implement the project, we relied on three aspects: effective methods used in previous relevant studies through a literature review, feedback received from healthcare workers, and suggestions from public health surveillance experts from the Ministry of Public Health, Qatar. A preassessment was conducted through an online survey by the Ministry of Public Health. The effectiveness of the different interventions was assessed by analyzing the data of notified patients reported through the Disease Surveillance and Reporting Electronic System. Pre- and postintervention assessments were performed by comparing the percentage of patients notified by healthcare providers with that of patients confirmed by healthcare providers in the laboratory to compare the notification rates over three time periods between January and December 2022. Results There was significant improvement in the infectious disease notification process. A comparison before and after the implementation of the interventions revealed an increase in the communicable disease notification rate among healthcare workers. Pre- and postintervention data were compared. Infectious disease notification activities by healthcare workers increased from 2.5% between January and May 2022 to 41.4% between November and December 2022. Conclusion This study highlights the efficiency of different interventions in correcting the underreporting of infectious diseases. Our findings suggest that implementing the Notification Enhancement Project significantly improves notification rates. We recommend continuing interventions through constant education and training, maintaining solid communication with HCWs through regular reminder emails and feedback, periodic assessment of the electronic notification system, and engagement of healthcare workers and other stakeholders to sustain and expand progress achieved through continuous evaluation

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO–TiO2–chitosan–escin metallic nanocomposites: Evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer activities

This work intended to formulate bio-nanocomposites of zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide (TiO2), chitosan, and escin, characterize their physical properties, and evaluate their antimicrobial and anticancer properties. X-ray diffractometers (XRD) and scanning and transmission electron microscopes were applied to characterize the morphology and ultrastructure of chemically synthesized bio-nanocomposites. To investigate the functional groups of bio-nanocomposites, we used Perkin–Elmer spectrometers for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy for PL spectrum analysis. Antimicrobial activities against bacterial and fungal strains were tested with agar well diffusion. Bio-nanocomposites were tested for anticancer effects on a MOLT4 blood cancer cell line using morphological analysis, methyl thiazole tetrazolium assay, apoptosis by acridine orange/ethidium bromide, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). In XRD, FTIR, and PL, the active compounds of ZnO–TiO2, chitosan, and escin peaks were observed. Our bio-nanocomposites demonstrated antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The bio-nanocomposite was cytotoxic to MOLT4 cells at an IC50 concentration of 33.4 µg·mL−1. Bio-nanocomposites caused cytotoxicity, changes in cell morphology, and mitochondrial membrane potential degradation, all of which resulted in apoptotic cell death. MOLT4 cells were found to be responsive to bio-nanocomposites based on ZnO–TiO2–chitosan–escin

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Effects of CuO-TiO2-Chitosan-Escin Nanocomposites on Human Leukemic MOLT4 Cells

Nanocomposites comprised of CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin, which has adjustable physicochemical properties, provide a solution for therapeutic selectivity in cancer treatment. By controlling the intrinsic signaling primarily through the mitochondrial signaling pathway, we desired nanocomposites with enhanced anticancer activity by containing CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin. The metal oxides CuO and TiO2, the natural polymer chitosan, and a phytochemical compound escin were combined to form CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposites were confirmed and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. A human leukemia cell line (MOLT-4) was used to assess the efficacy and selectivity of nanocomposites. Based on a cytotoxicity study, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites had inhibition concentrations (IC50) of 13.68, 8.9, and 7.14 &micro;g/mL against human T lymphoblast cells after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation, respectively. Compared with untreated MOLT-4 cells, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposite-treated cells significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) caspase-3, -8, and -9 and decreased the levels of antioxidant enzymes GR, SOD, and GSH. Furthermore, MDA for lipid peroxidase and ROS levels significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) in the treated cells than in the untreated cells. Remarkably, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposite-mediated control of cell cycles were mainly achieved through the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9