CDC influenza surveillance report no. 61, December 19, 1961

"Scattered outbreaks of Influenza A2 (Asian) and Influenza B have been observed during 1961 in a number of countries throughout the world. Confirmed outbreaks of Asian influenza were reported from every continent except Antarctica. Influenza B was less ubiquitous, touching only Europe, North America and Asia with recognized outbreaks. Within the continental United States, Asian influenza made its mark early in 1961. At that time, outbreaks were reported from New York City, Stamford and New Haven, Connecticut. It was not prevalent elsewhere. No confirmed outbreaks of Asian influenza have been reported during the present season. In contrast, Influenza B is known to be etiologic in outbreaks in four States at the present time. These are Arizona, Florida, California and Colorado. Southern, Saskatchewan is also involved in an epidemic of Influenza B. Respiratory disease outbreaks are occurring with increasing frequency in the United States with the advent of the winter season. Several States are reporting outbreaks that would appear to be significantly more widespread than usual. These States are Oregon, Missouri, and Illinois. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory studies are under way.Influenza vaccine production has been stepped up to meet the demands. The projected supply will be three times greater than that available last year. The recommendation of the Surgeon General to immunize the high risk groups remains most pertinent. Subcutaneous inoculation is the route of choice." - p. 3I. Summary of information -- II. Epidemic reports: (A.) Asian in\ufb02uenza; (B.) In\ufb02uenza B outbreaks-through October 1961 -- III. In\ufb02uenza vaccine: (A.) Production; (B.) Utilization; (C.) Route of inoculation -- IV. Minor antigenic change -- V. Weekly pneumonia and influenza deathsDecember 19, 1961.This report was prepared in the Surveillance Section, Communicable Disease Center by Theodore C. Eickhoff, M. D., Chief, Influenza Surveillance Unit, with the Assistance of the Statistics Section, Robert E. Serfling, Ph.D., Chief."For administrative use." - cover"Information contained in this report is a summary of data reported to CDC by State Health Departments, Epidemic Intelligence Service Officers, collaborating influenza diagnostic laboratories, and other pertinent sources. Much if it is preliminary in nature and is primarily in nature and is primarily intended for those involved in influenza control activities. It is understood that the contents of these report will not be released to the press, except by the Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. State Health Officers, of course, will judge the advisability of releasing any information from their own state." - cove

CDC influenza surveillance report no. 58, January 16, 1961

"In the 9-month interval since the publication of the last CDC Influenza Surveillance Report, No. 57, April 13, 1960, the occurrence of influenza in the United States has been markedly limited in both distribution and frequency. Sporadic reports of laboratory confirmed cases of influenza A, occurring during the summer and fall months of 1960, have come to the attention of the Influenza Surveillance Unity. No outbreaks for influenza of unusual concentrations or cases of influenza-like disease have been reported to this unit thus far during the present season. Analysis of current deaths due to influenza and pneumonia received from 108 cities in the United States reveals that the number of deaths are entirely within the expected limits of normal for the season in the United States as a whole as well as in each of the 9 geographic regions. During the past 9 months scattered reports have been received of influenza occurring in Central and South America, and Europe. A recent report indicates that laboratory-confirmed type A2 influenza is currently epidemic in England. During the fall months the Public Health Service carried out an influenza immunization program encouraging the routine use of influenza vaccine among specific high risk-groups, the aged, the chronically ill, and pregnant women, in order to reduce the extent of excess influenza-associated mortality." - p. 2I. Summary of information-- II. Current status of influenza in the United States-- III. Current analysis of influenza and pneumonia mortality-- IV. International notes -- V. In\ufb02uenza immunizationJanuary 16, 1961This report was prepared in the Surveillance Section, Communicable Disease Center by Theodore C. Eickhoff, M. D., Chief, Influenza Surveillance Unit, with the Assistance of the Statistics Section, Robert E. Serfling, Ph.D., Chief."For administrative use." - cover"Information contained in this report is a summary of data reported to CDC by State Health Departments, Epidemic Intelligence Service Officers, collaborating influenza diagnostic laboratories, and other pertinent sources. Much if it is preliminary in nature and is primarily in nature and is primarily intended for those involved in influenza control activities. It is understood that the contents of these report will not be released to the press, except by the Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. State Health Officers, of course, will judge the advisability of releasing any information from their own state." - cove

Prepared by:

OEHHA also acknowledges the following contributors

Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics: Recent Research Trends

OBJECTIVES: To introduce and analyse current trends in Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics. METHODS: PubMed search of 2020 literature on public health and epidemiology informatics was conducted and all retrieved references were reviewed by the two section editors. Then, 15 candidate best papers were selected among the 920 references. These papers were then peer-reviewed by the two section editors, two chief editors, and external reviewers, including at least two senior faculty, to allow the Editorial Committee of the 2021 International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook to make an informed decision regarding the selection of the best papers. RESULTS: Among the 920 references retrieved from PubMed, four were suggested as best papers and the first three were finally selected. The fourth paper was excluded because of reproducibility issues. The first best paper is a very public health focused paper with health informatics and biostatistics methods applied to stratify patients within a cohort in order to identify those at risk of suicide; the second paper describes the use of a randomized design to test the likely impact of fear-based messages, with and without empowering self-management elements, on patient consultations or antibiotic requests for influenza-like illnesses. The third selected paper evaluates the perception among communities of routine use of Whole Genome Sequencing and Big Data technologies to capture more detailed and specific personal information. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from the three studies suggest that using Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics methods could leverage, when combined with Deep Learning, early interventions and appropriate treatments to mitigate suicide risk. Further, they also demonstrate that well informing and empowering patients could help them to be involved more in their care process

A review of population-based prevalence studies of physical activity in adults in the Asia-Pacific region

Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance is an important component of non-communicable disease risk factor monitoring, and occurs through national and international surveillance systems. This review identifies population PA estimates for adults in the Asia-Pacific region, and examines variation in trends and prevalence rates obtained using different PA measures.Methods: Data were obtained from a MEDLINE search; World Health Organization&rsquo;s Global Health Infobase; Government websites and reference lists of relevant papers. Inclusion criteria included: national studies or those reporting large scale population-level data; data published from 2000 to 2010 and trend data prior; sample sizes over n = 1000, or fewer subjects in small nations.Results: In total, 56 population surveys from 29 Asia-Pacific countries were identified. Data on &lsquo;sufficient physical activity&rsquo; amongst adults were available from 45 studies (80%), with estimates ranging from 7% to 93% (median 62%, inter-quartile range 40%-85%). For 14 countries, estimates of &lsquo;sufficient activity&rsquo; were documented in multiple surveys using different methods, with the largest variation from 18% to 92% in Nepal. Median or mean METminutes/ day, reported in 20 studies, ranged from 6 to 1356. Serial trend data were available for 11 countries (22%), for periods spanning 2-10 years. Of these, five countries demonstrated increases in physical activity over time, four demonstrated decreases and three showed no changes.Conclusions: Many countries in the Asia-Pacific region collect population-level PA data. This review highlights differences in estimates within and between countries. Some differences may be real, others due to variation in the PA questions asked and survey methods used. Use of standardized protocols and measures, and combined reporting of data are essential goals of improved international PA surveillance.<br /

CDC influenza surveillance report no. 51, January 15, 1960

"In the ten-day interval since the publication of the CDC Influenza Surveillance report #50, reports of outbreaks of respiratory disease have been received with increasing frequency, Texas and the southern half of California, in particular, report widespread waves of febrile respiratory disease. Major urban epidemics are current in Los Angeles, California, several cities in Texas, urban epidemics are current in Las Angeles, California, several cities in Detroit, Michigan, and declining in Columbus, Ohio, Other states reporting localized outbreaks are Iowa, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Nevada, Utah, and Hawaii. The outbreaks in Detroit, Michigan and Columbus, Ohio are confirmed as being due to A2 influenza virus. This strain has also been isolated in California, Iowa, and Texas. One isolation of Al influenza virus is reported from Texas. The current analysis of influenza and pneumonia mortality reveals that excess mortality is being reported for the first time since last spring. Most of this excess is found in the East North Central and East South Central areas of the country. No signi\ufb01cant departure from the expected seasonal levels are yet seen in the Western and Pacific Coast areas." - p. 2I. Summary of information -- II. Current status of influenza in the United States -- III. Current analysis of in\ufb02uenza and pneumonia mortality -- IV. International notesJanuary 15, 1960.This report was prepared by Theodore C. Eickhoff, M. D., Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer, Surveillance Section, Epidemiology Branch, CDC."For administrative use." - cover"Information contained in this report is a summary of data reported to CDC by State Health Departments, Epidemic Intelligence Service Officers, collaborating influenza diagnostic laboratories, and other pertinent sources. Much if it is preliminary in nature and is primarily in nature and is primarily intended for those involved in influenza control activities. It is understood that the contents of these report will not be released to the press, except by the Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. State Health Officers, of course, will judge the advisability of releasing any information from their own state." - cove

CDC influenza surveillance report no. 60, May 5, 1961

"In the three month interval since the publication of the last CDC Influenza Surveillance Report, No. 59, February 10, 1961, reports of the occurrence of epidemic influenza or unusual concentrations of cases of influenza-like disease within the United States have been distinctly limited. Outbreaks of influenza were reported during March and early April from New Haven, Connecticut, and New York City. There are no reports of influenza activity current within the continental United States. Current analysis of influenza and pneumonia deaths through the week ending April 29, 1961, reveals that the number of deaths are within the expected limits of normal for the season. Internationally, major outbreaks of influenza occurred in Great Britain during January, February, and March 1961, due to influenza A2. In January and February, a major epidemic of influenza B occurred in Japan. There were in addition reports of outbreaks of influenza or influenza-like disease of varying extent in Norway, American Samoa, and Canada. This will be the last Influenza Surveillance Report of the current series. Although the surveillance of acute respiratory diseases will continue as a routine function of the Surveillance Section, CDC, no further such reports will be issued, barring unusual developments, until the Fall of 1960. We wish to take this opportunity to thank all those who contributed information of either a positive or negative character to the Influenza Surveillance Unit during the recent season, and participated in making the influenza surveillance program operative in assessing the trends influenza within the United States." - p. 2I. Summary of information -- II. Review of the occurrence of influenza in the United States, Winter 1960 -Spring 1961. -- III. Review of influenza and pneumonia mortality in the United States, Winter 1960 - Spring 1961. -- IV. International notes --May 5, 1961.This report was prepared in the Surveillance Section, Communicable Disease Center by Theodore C. Eickhoff, M. D., Chief, Influenza Surveillance Unit, with the Assistance of the Statistics Section, Robert E. Serfling, Ph.D., Chief."For administrative use." - cover"Information contained in this report is a summary of data reported to CDC by State Health Departments, Epidemic Intelligence Service Officers, collaborating influenza diagnostic laboratories, and other pertinent sources. Much if it is preliminary in nature and is primarily in nature and is primarily intended for those involved in influenza control activities. It is understood that the contents of these report will not be released to the press, except by the Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. State Health Officers, of course, will judge the advisability of releasing any information from their own state." - cove