Metastable phase formation by ion beam mixing

There are essentially four basic types of metastable alloys which may be formed through heavy ion irradiation of crystalline structures: amorphous phases with no long range order; crystalline phases with structures different from that of the stable intermetallic alloy; disordered crystalline phases with structures based on the same lattice as that of the stable intermetallic; and a quasicrystalline structure. With the exception of the quasicrystalline structure, all of these metastable structures are produced by ion beam mixing of nickel-aluminum alloys with 500 keV krypton ions. Ion beam mixing was performed on samples formed by alternate evaporation of layers of nickel and aluminum as well as on the intermetallic compounds at both 80 and 300 K. The structure resulting from ion beam mixing depended strongly on composition, and hence its formation was governed primarily by thermodynamic considerations. The thermodynamically favored state was determined analytically using the embedded atom method, and the model results are in qualitative agreement with observations of metastable phase formation. However, kinetic considerations are needed to explain the dependence of the final structures on initial structure and temperature.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26736/1/0000287.pd

Automatic iterative fitting of Rutherford backscattering spectra from multielement samples

A computer code (BASF) has been constructed to perform automatic iterative fitting of Rutherford backscattering spectra using only the experimental spectrum and the parameter set defining the experiment. The code may be used to analyze samples containing anywhere from two to five elements. The code output consists of the total amount of each element present and a composition versus depth profile.The code's performance was verified on both computer generated and experimental backscattering spectra. Samples consisting of nickel substrates onto which layers of pure nickel and pure aluminum have been alternately evaporated in thicknesses of 130 and 100 A, respectively, were used to produce backscattering spectra. These spectra, when analyzed, demonstrated that the code was able to determine the total aluminum content to within 3% and the ratio of aluminum to nickel to within 1% of the thickness monitor readings taken during evaporation. The code has shown the ability to recognize sharp interfaces in well resolved spectra. The code performs equally well on slowly varying concentration profiles which are created during the annealing of layered samples. Limitations on the code and its use include the precise knowledge of the relevant experimental parameters used as input, and complete specification of all elements in the sample. The ultimate limits on the code's accuracy are the resolution of the spectrum and the accuracy of the computed stopping powers.This code provides a significant advantage over other spectrum fitting codes in that the process is fully automated and does not require constant user interaction. Further, it provides the capability of accurately determining concentration profiles in layered samples where the layer thickness is of the order 100 A.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25485/1/0000025.pd

Grain growth and phase morphology in ion beam mixed, two phase Ni---Al and Ni---Cr---Al alloys

Multilayers of Ni---21Al and Ni---20Cr---10Al were subjected to ion beam mixing using 350 keV Ni+ ions and/or thermal annealing at 440[deg]C to study the development of grain growth and phase morphology. Two film thicknesses of Ni---21 Al (60 and 120 nm) were investigated. Both thermal annealing and irradiation resulted in grain growth in the Ni---21Al samples. Grain size increased by a factor of 7 after irradiation and only 3-4 after annealing. Annealing produced a two phase [gamma] + [gamma]' structure and nonuniform grain sizes while the irradiation produced a supersaturated solid solution with more uniform grain size. Annealing subsequent to irradiation produced a structure consisting of [gamma] + [gamma]' and an HCP phase. There was no difference in grain growth behavior as a function of film thickness. The Ni---Cr---Al film exhibited no grain growth during annealing and only a factor of 6 increase during irradiation. Irradiation alone or post-irradiation annealing produced nearly identical structures of [gamma] and the HCP phase. The [gamma]' phase was never observed in the Ni---Cr---Al film. All irradiated samples showed a more uniform grain size compared to that following annealing. Considerable texture was observed in all irradiated samples in which the gamma grains in the film were aligned with the Ni grains in the substrate.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28023/1/0000459.pd

First, do no harm: One medical school’s approach to designing and implementing a socially accountable global track of distinction

Background A socially accountable health professional curriculum aims to produce graduates competent in addressing priority health needs in diverse communities. Although parts of the UNM SOM curriculum address issues around health equity and cultural diversity, there is no formal curriculum training medical students to address global health (GH). Before designing our GH curriculum, we surveyed students to determine factors that may contribute to engagement. Results Nearly 98% of respondents were interested in GH, and 82% expressed interest in serving underserved populations. 88% of students with past GH experiences wanted to participate in an elective GH curriculum, which was statistically significant compared to students without prior GH experience. Conclusion Medical education that trains future physicians to address the needs of vulnerable populations improves student attitudes towards the underserved and increases interest in primary care professions. GH education is broad in spectrum and can be designed from a local is global approach

Unmasking the Imposter Phenomenon on a Global Level: A Study Exploring Professional Identity Formation in Health Professional Students

Imposter phenomenon (IP) is characterized by high achieving individuals experiencing “chronic feelings of self-doubt, the fear of being discovered as an intellectual fraud, and a perception of being less intelligent or competent than peers.” There is limited data on the implications of IP including how feelings of imposterism may affect aspects of one’s mental health. In the current climate of health worker burnout, it is important to consider factors that may predispose individuals pursuing a career in healthcare to mental and emotional disengagement. We investigated the prevalence of IP among students in various healthcare fields on a global scale and evaluated correlations between IP and the frequency of depressed mood. We surveyed student members of The Network Towards Unity for Health utilizing the Clance IP Scale and the PHQ-2 questionnaire. Correlation indicators include: (1) Region of Study (2) Area of Study (3) Year of Study (4) Pre-clinical vs. clinical stage of training (5) Imposter Scale Score (6) Depression Score. We had an 8% response rate (N, 54). Three regions including Africa, Europe, and South-East Asia had an average IP scores between 41-60 indicating moderate IP experiences. Three regions including the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, and the Western Pacific had average IP scores between 61-80 indicating respondents frequently having imposter syndrome. Only two regions, the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific had an average PHQ-2 score greater than three which is indicative of major depressive disorder. Comprehensive evaluation of IP score and depression score between region, field, and years of study is currently under analysis. Evaluation of depression as a potential symptom of imposter syndrome allows for early identification and intervention. In familiarizing institutions of this relation, we may promote an environment for openness and support for learners to minimize the potential for burnout

Teaching compassion for social accountability: A parallaxic investigation

Background: In an arts integrated interdisciplinary study set to investigate ways to improve social accountability (SA) in medical education, our research team has established a renewed understanding of compassion in the current SA movement. Aim: This paper explores the co-evolution of compassion and SA. Methods: The study used an arts integrated approach to investigate people’s perceptions of SA in four medical schools across Australia, Canada, and the USA. Each school engaged approximately 25 participants who partook in workshops and in-depth interviews. Results: We began with a study of SA and the topic of compassion emerged out of our qualitative data and biweekly meetings within the research team. Content analysis of the data and pedagogical discussion brought us to realize the importance of compassion in the practice of SA. Conclusions: The cultivation of compassion needs to play a significant role in a socially accountable medical educational system. Medical schools as educational institutions may operate themselves with compassion as a driving force in engaging partnership with students and communities. Social accountability without compassion is not SA; compassion humanizes institutional policy by engaging sympathy and care

Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Prinsip Good Governance Tentang Responsivitas Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Studi pada Kantor Camat Kuantan Tengah, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, Riau.)

Kinerja yang optimal dari organisasi publik tidak akan tercapai apabila tidak ditunjang dengan pelaksanaan prinsip responsivitas dari setiap individu organisasi publik itu sendiri, karena pelaksanaan responsivitas ditengah pelayanan publik merupakan tuntutan untuk memenuhi segi-segi pelayanan publik yang diharapkan dalam dekade ini, dimana pelaksanaan responsivitas merupakan suatu timbal balik dari proses kinerja, dengan kata lain, apabila responsivitas dilaksanakan ditengah-tengah pelayanan maka akan mencerminkan kinerja yang baik pula. Untuk itu pada penelitian ini penulis bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada “Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Prinsip Good Governance Tentang Responsivitas Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai”. (Studi Pada Kantor Camat Kuantan Tengah Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, Riau).Yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai Kantor Camat sebagai Key Informan dan masyarakat yang melakukan pengurusan. Maka penentuan populasi dan sampelnya adalah sebagai berikut, dalam penarikan sampel penulis menggunakan teknik proposiv sampling yaitu untuk menentukan Key Informan sementara untuk menentukan sampel secara keseluruhan digunakan teknik kouta sampel yaitu teknik sampel yang digunakan tidak mendasari diri pada strata atau daerah, tetapi berdasarkan pada jumlah yang telah ditentukan, biasanya yang dihubungi ialah subjek yang mudah ditemui, sehingga pengumpulan datanya mudah dan untuk masyarakat pengambilan sampelnya ialah melalui masyarakat yang melakukan pengurusan ke Kantor Camat Kuantan Tengah, maka dapat ditemukan dari pegawai berjumlah 13 orang responden sementara itu dari masyarakat 27 orang responden dengan demikian dapat ditarik sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 40 orang. Penelitian bersifat kuantitatif, dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95 %. Untuk itu digunakan sekala ordinal dalam pengukuran datanya dan dalam pengujian hipotesa berdasarkan data tersebut dilakukan analisa data dengan menggunakan rumus korelasi Supearman Rank. pengujian hipotesa untuk menentukan t- hitung.dan pengujuan determinan yaitu untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh yang ditimbulkan dari variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat, Dari perhitungan uji antara variabel X dan Variabel Y, maka diperoleh hasil Rs = 0,811 dengan harga t- hitung 8,535. hal ini menunjukan bahwa koefisien korelasi adalah signifikan dengan nilai tes statistik untuk t- hitung > r- tabel yang berarti Ho ditolak sedangkan Ha diterima, yaitu ada pengaruh yang positif antara pelaksanaan prinsip responsivitas terhadap kinerja pegawai.111 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan