Elspeth Thomson, The Chinese Coal Industry : An Economic History

China is the world’s largest producer of coal, and coal remains the most important energy source for an economy that continues to grow at an astounding rate. The implications for China’s energy policy and for local and global environmental conditions are considerable. At the same time, the development of the Chinese coal industry illustrates major economic, social and political changes that have taken place over more than a century. In particular, the management and expansion of the coal sect..

Elspeth Thomson, The Chinese Coal Industry: An Economic History

La Chine est le premier producteur mondial de charbon, sa principale ressource énergétique. Les conséquences sur la politique énergétique chinoise sur l’environnement local et global sont considérables. Le développement de l’industrie houillère illustre par ailleurs les principales transformations économiques, sociales et politiques survenues en Chine depuis plus d’un siècle. La gestion et le développement du secteur reflètent en particulier les priorités successives de la politique industrie..

Elspeth Thomson, The Chinese Coal Industry: An Economic History

La Chine est le premier producteur mondial de charbon, sa principale ressource énergétique. Les conséquences sur la politique énergétique chinoise sur l’environnement local et global sont considérables. Le développement de l’industrie houillère illustre par ailleurs les principales transformations économiques, sociales et politiques survenues en Chine depuis plus d’un siècle. La gestion et le développement du secteur reflètent en particulier les priorités successives de la politique industrie..

Biotechnology and Culture: The Impact of Public Debates on Government Regulation in the United States and Denmark

This paper discusses the ways in which public discourse about biotechnology has affected policy making. It is the author's contention that attitudes to new technologies are transformed into policy through a "mediating filter" of confrontations, institutional innovations and conceptual debates. We also contend that these filters are different for different countries, that they are manifestations of particular national political and organizational cultures. The cultural dimension of technology is a function both of the implications of the developmental trajectory of a particular technology, as well as the particular context in which the technology develops. In this paper we attempt to delineate the general contours of the historical development of the "new biotechnology." Specifically, we identify and characterize the major phases in the biotechnology debates that have taken place in the United States and Denmark. The biotechnology field in general, as well as the various individual technologies that have been developed within the field, have been going through different stages of the innovation "chain" or product cycle. The authors attempt to show how such stages of "internal" technological development exert a crucial influence on the focus and scope of the national discourses. © 1990