A descriptive study of undergraduate contraceptive attitudes among students at the University of New Hampshire

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine and to understand undergraduate students’ contraceptive attitudes and its effects on contraceptive use to further enhance the education regarding unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). DESIGN AND METHODS: A descriptive study to understand contraceptive attitudes while exploring demographics and sexual behaviors as well as the incorporation of the Contraceptive Attitude Scale (CAS). The researchers utilized an online survey system to distribute surveys electronically. RESULTS: Most students had a positive attitude regarding contraception. IMPLICATIONS: Nurses at college health facilities can focus on educating the college population since their age group is likely to engage in risky behavior

African American Male Achievement Initiative: A Closer Look At Suspensions Of African American Males In OUSD

This report examines the data, literature, and policy around suspensions of African American male students to uncover and better understand the disparities between this group and all other ethnic and gender groups. This report analyzes one year of suspension data from the Oakland Unified School District (OUSD, 2010-11), looking at suspensions by demographics, grade level, school level, and types of offenses

Síndrome de estrés laboral crónico por el trabajo (burnout) en los profesionales de la educación física brasileños

Burnout es resultado de la exposición prolongada al estrés laboral crónico con recuperación insuficiente. El presente estudio analizó los tres componentes de burnout (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización profesional) en una muestra de profesionales de la educación física de la Región Metropolitana de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Fueron estudiados 588 sujetos y los componentes de burnout se definieron mediante la versión traducida del Maslach Burnout Inventory. Se trataron las diferencias entre sexo, edad y características laborales en los tres componentes de burnout. Los hombres obtuvieron como resultado puntuaciones más bajas asociadas con la realización profesional que las mujeres. Las puntuaciones equivalentes al agotamiento emocional y despersonalización fueron significativamente más elevadas en profesionales con más edad. Con relación a las características laborales, mayor experiencia profesional, calificación académica inferior, actividad en la enseñanza básica, jornada de trabajo ≥ 41 horas/semana, pluriempleo y menor ingreso económico aumentaron significativamente las posibilidades de padecer burnout. En conclusión, los presentes hallazgos pueden ser empleados para diseñar programas de intervención e implementar cambios en el ambiente de trabajo destinados a mejorar la salud laboral y el bienestar en general de los profesionales de la educación física.Burnout is the result of prolonged exposure to chronic work stress with insufficient recovery. This study examined the three components of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment) in a sample of physical education professionals from the metropolitan region of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. A total of 588 subjects were analysed and the components of burnout were defined by the Portuguese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. We studied the differences between genders, ages and job characteristics for the three components of burnout. Men obtained lower scores associated with personal accomplishment than women. The equivalent scores for emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation were significantly higher in older professionals. Regarding job characteristics, greater work experience, lower academic qualification, professional activity in primary education, weekly workload ≥ 41 hours/week, multiple employment and lower income significantly increased the odds of the presence of burnout. In conclusion, these findings can be used to design intervention programmes and implement changes in the working environment aimed at improving occupational health and the overall well-being of physical education professionals.Burnout é resultado da exposição prolongada ao estresse laboral crônico com recuperação insuficiente. O presente estudo analisou os três componentes de burnout (esgotamento emocional, despersonalização e realização profissional) em uma amostra de profissionais de educação física da Região Metropolitana de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Foram estudados 588 sujeitos e se definiu os componentes de burnout mediante versão traduzida do Maslach Burnout Inventory. Foram tratadas as diferenças entre sexo, idade e características laborais nos três componentes de burnout. Os resultados apontaram homens com pontuações mais baixas associadas à realização profissional que as mulheres. As pontuações equivalentes ao esgotamento emocional e despersonalização foram significativamente mais elevadas em profissionais com mais idade. Com relação às características laborais, maior experiência profissional, qualificação acadêmica inferior, atuação no ensino básico, jornada de trabalho ≥ 41 horas/semana, pluri-emprego e menor ganho financeiro aumentaram significativamente as possibilidades de apresentar burnout. Concluindo, os achados do presente estudo podem ser utilizados para delinear programas de intervenção e implantar mudanças no ambiente de trabalho destinadas ao aprimoramento da saúde laboral e do bem-estar geral dos profissionais de educação física

Fractal geometry of spin-glass models

Stability and diversity are two key properties that living entities share with spin glasses, where they are manifested through the breaking of the phase space into many valleys or local minima connected by saddle points. The topology of the phase space can be conveniently condensed into a tree structure, akin to the biological phylogenetic trees, whose tips are the local minima and internal nodes are the lowest-energy saddles connecting those minima. For the infinite-range Ising spin glass with p-spin interactions, we show that the average size-frequency distribution of saddles obeys a power law $<\psi(w) > \sim w^{-D}$, where w=w(s) is the number of minima that can be connected through saddle s, and D is the fractal dimension of the phase space

African American Male Achievement Initiative: A Deeper Look At African American Males In OUSD

This report provides further insights into the status of African American boys in Oakland Unified School Distric (OUSD) and aims to reverse the academic and social inequities they face in seven key areas: the achievement gap, graduation rates, literacy, suspensions, attendance, middle school holding power, and juvenile detention. A framework of three levels of well-being (on course, at risk of falling off course, and off course) was used to understand how African American male students are faring in these areas

African American Male Achievement Initiative: A Closer Look At Attendance Of African American Males In OUSD

This report examines data, best practices, and policies related to attendance and chronic absence and offers recommendations for reducing the levels of chromic absence for African American males in Oakland Unified School District (OUSD). It analyzes one year of attendance data (2010-2011) for African American males in OUSD, looking at chronic absence by grade level, types of absence, and reasons given for absence, as well as comparing rates of chronic absence to other males groups in OUSD

Rising prevalence of non-B HIV-1 subtypes in North Carolina and evidence for local onward transmission.

HIV-1 diversity is increasing in North American and European cohorts which may have public health implications. However, little is known about non-B subtype diversity in the southern United States, despite the region being the epicenter of the nation's epidemic. We characterized HIV-1 diversity and transmission clusters to identify the extent to which non-B strains are transmitted locally. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of HIV-1 partial pol sequences collected from 1997 to 2014 from adults accessing routine clinical care in North Carolina (NC). Subtypes were evaluated using COMET and phylogenetic analysis. Putative transmission clusters were identified using maximum-likelihood trees. Clusters involving non-B strains were confirmed and their dates of origin were estimated using Bayesian phylogenetics. Data were combined with demographic information collected at the time of sample collection and country of origin for a subset of patients. Among 24,972 sequences from 15,246 persons, the non-B subtype prevalence increased from 0% to 3.46% over the study period. Of 325 persons with non-B subtypes, diversity was high with over 15 pure subtypes and recombinants; subtype C (28.9%) and CRF02_AG (24.0%) were most common. While identification of transmission clusters was lower for persons with non-B versus B subtypes, several local transmission clusters (≥3 persons) involving non-B subtypes were identified and all were presumably due to heterosexual transmission. Prevalence of non-B subtype diversity remains low in NC but a statistically significant rise was identified over time which likely reflects multiple importation. However, the combined phylogenetic clustering analysis reveals evidence for local onward transmission. Detection of these non-B clusters suggests heterosexual transmission and may guide diagnostic and prevention interventions