Determining the origin of synchronous multifocal bladder cancer by exome sequencing

Background: Synchronous multifocal tumours are commonly observed in urothelial carcinomas of the bladder. The origin of these physically independent tumours has been proposed to occur by either intraluminal migration (clonal) or spontaneous transformation of multiple cells by carcinogens (field effect). It is unclear which model is correct, with several studies supporting both hypotheses. A potential cause of this uncertainty may be the small number of genetic mutations previously used to quantify the relationship between these tumours. Methods: To better understand the genetic lineage of these tumours we conducted exome sequencing of synchronous multifocal pTa urothelial bladder cancers at a high depth, using multiple samples from three patients. Results: Phylogenetic analysis of high confidence single nucleotide variants (SNV) demonstrated that the sequenced multifocal bladder cancers arose from a clonal origin in all three patients (bootstrap value 100 %). Interestingly, in two patients the most common type of tumour-associated SNVs were cytosine mutations of TpC*dinucleotides (Fisher's exact test p < 10-41), likely caused by APOBEC-mediated deamination. Incorporating these results into our clonal model, we found that TpC*type mutations occurred 2-5× more often among SNVs on the ancestral branches than in the more recent private branches (p < 10-4) suggesting that TpC*mutations largely occurred early in the development of the tumour. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that synchronous multifocal bladder cancers frequently arise from a clonal origin. Our data also suggests that APOBEC-mediated mutations occur early in the development of the tumour and may be a driver of tumourigenesis in non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer. © 2015 Acar et al

Synthesis and characterization of a novel 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole lead(II) coordination polymer

WOS: 000337358700016A novel [Pb-2(mu-atrz)(2)(mu-CH3COO)(CH3COO)](n) (atrz = 3 amino-1,2,4-triazole) complex was synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecular structure shows that the complex is a coordination polymer in which there are 2 different lead(II) ions with coordination number of 5, Pb(2), and, with a coordination number of 4, Pb(1). Each atrz acts as a bridging ligand between 2 Pb(II) ions through the 2 adjacent nitrogen atoms of the triazole ring. The acetate anions show different types of coordination mode: one acts as a bridge by coordination of the same oxygen atom with Pb(II) ions and the other as a monodentate coordination by one of the oxygen atoms with Pb(2).Celal Bayar University [FEF 2005-061]The authors thank Celal Bayar University (FEF 2005-061) for its financial support and the Medicinal Plants and Medicine Research Center of Anadolu University for the use of its X-ray diffractometer

KORONER ARTER HASTALIĞININ BELİRLEYİCISI OLARAK PENIL DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAFİ İLE SAPTANAN KAVERNOZ ARTER STENOZU: OLGU SUNUMU

An association between Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Erectile Dysfunction (ED) has been described. We aimed to show that cavernous artery stenosis may be an important predictor of a silent but serious CAD. A 56-year-old man who had moderate ED was evaluated for risk factors. He had several vascular risk factors for ED and CAD including age, smoking, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperlipidemia. His penile colour Doppler ultrasonography revealed multiple stenotic area in the right cavernous artery. His treadmill exercise test showed significant changes. Then, coronary angiography was performed and it showed the patient had doublevessel CAD. Findings of atherosclerotic plaques in cavernosal arteries with penile Doppler ultrasonography may be address subclinical coronary artery stenosis in patients with ED. Koroner arter hastalığı ile erektil disfonksiyon arasındaki ilişki belirgindir. Bu yazıda kavernozal arter darlığının sessiz fakat ciddi koroner arter hastalığını gösterebileceğinin ortaya konulması amaçlandı. Orta şiddette erektil disfonksiyon yakınması olan 56 yaşındaki hasta risk faktörleri açısından değerlendirildi. Hastanın yaş, sigara, hipertansiyon, hiperhomosisteinemi ve hiperlipidemi olmak üzere çok sayıda vasküler risk faktörü vardı. Penil Doppler ultrasonografide sağ kavernozal arterde çok sayıda darlık saptandı. Treadmill egzersiz testinde belirgin değişiklikleri olan hastanın yapılan koroner anjiografisinde iki damarda stenoz saptandı. Erektil disfonksiyonlu hastalarda penil Doppler ultrasonografi ile kavernozal arterlerde saptanan aterosklerotik plaklar subklinik koroner arter hastalığı habercisi olabilir

EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF PATIENTS WITH

Amaç: Çalışmamızda Prematür Ejakülasyon (PE) tanısı konulan hastaların klinik ve demografik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve yöntem: Kliniğimize erken boşalma nedeniyle Ocak-Haziran 2004 tarihleri arasında başvuran 53 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Hasta bilgilerine, cinsel işlev bozuklukları için oluşturulmuş Microsoft Access veri tabanından ulaşıldı. İlk cinsel ilişkiden itibaren PE yakınması olanlar Primer (PPE), yakınması daha sonra başlayan hastalar Akkiz PE (APE) olarak kabul edildi. Her iki grup yaş, eş yaşı, evlilik süresi, sünnet yaşı, nokturnal kontinans yaşı, PE süreleri, ilk koitus yaşı, ejakülasyon latans zamanı, ön sevişme süreleri, sistemik hastalıkları, uluslar arası prostat semptom skoru (IPSS), uluslar arası erektil fonksiyon indeksi (IIEF) ve Amerikan Ulusal Sağlık Örgütüprostatit (NIH-prostatit) skorları açısından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Primer PE'li 27, APE'li 26 hastanın ortalama yaşları, sırasıyla 50,6 ± 12,3 (27-70 yıl) yıl ve 53,5 ± 10,4 (32-68 yıl) yıl olarak saptandı. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların 39'unda (%74) erektil disfonksiyon varlığı saptandı. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların ortalama sünnet yaşı 5,7 ± 2,6 (1-14) yıl, ilk koitus yaşı 19,0 ± 2,7 (13-29) yıl idi. Her iki grup arasında yaş, eş yaşı, evlilik süresi, sünnet yaşı, nokturnal kontinans yaşı, PE süreleri, ilk koitus yaşı, ejakülasyon latans zamanı, ön sevişme süreleri, IPSS, IIEF alt grupları ve NIH-prostatit skorları açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0,05). Sistemik hastalık varlığı primer PE grubunda 9 hastada (%32) APE grubunda ise 19 hastada (%68) saptandı (p 0.05). Of the 53 patients 14 (74%) had erectile dysfunction. Mean circumcision age of the total 65 patients was 5.9 ± 2.8 (range 1-14) years. First coitus age was 19.4 ± 3.1 (range 13-29) years. There were no significant differences between two groups in the mean of age, partners' age, marriage duration, circumcision age, nocturnal continence age, first coitus age, ELT, foreplay duration, IPSS, IIEF doamins and NIHprostatitis scores. The presence of systemic disease was detected in 9 patients (32%) in PPE group and 19 patients (68%) in APE group (p<0.05). The most common detected diseases were diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: Our results showed that the majority of the patients with PE had ED. The co occurrence of PE and ED should be questioned in patients admitted to an andrology outpatient clinic who had the history of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus

INITIAL EXPERENCE WITH UROLOGIC LAPARASCOPIC SURGERY IN OUR CLINIC AND THE LEARNING PROCESS

Amaç: Ağustos 2009-Mart 2010 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde gerçekleştirilen laparoskopik ameliyatların sonuçları ve komplikasyonları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Gereç ve yöntem: Kliniğimizde Ağustos 2009-Mart 2010 tarihleri arasında 32 hastaya (17 erkek, 15 kadın) laparoskopik ameliyat uygulandı. Ortalama yaşları 51,7 ± 14,3 (19- 72) yıl olan hastaların 15'i renal kitle, 5'i nonfonksiyone böbrek, 4'ü üreter taşı, 3'ü sürrenal kitle, 3'ü üreteropelvik bileşke darlığı, 2'si böbrek kisti nedeniyle ameliyat edildi. Laparoskopik girişimlerin 19'u transabdominal, 13'ü ise retroperitoneal yöntemle gerçekleştirildi. Her iki yöntemde de ortalama trokar yerleştirme süresi 16,6 ± 3,0 (15-25) dakikaydı. Bulgular: Transabdominal ve retroperitoneal tüm girişimlerin ortalama ameliyat süresi 173,3 ± 51,8 (90-300) dakikaydı. Perop ve postop dönemde ortalama 0,8 ± 1,5 (0-7) ünite eritrosit süspansiyonu kullanıldı. Hastalar ortalama 1,1 ± 0,3 (1-2) günde mobilize edildiler. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde ağrı kesici olarak 2,3 ± 0,6 (1-4) gün nonsteroid antiinflamatuar ilaç kullanıldı. Hastaların sondası ortalama 2,8 ± 2,8 (1-13) günde, dreni ise 4,9 ± 3,0 (2-14) günde çekildi. Hastanede ortalama kalış süresi 6,0 ± 3,1 (2-14) gündü. Dört (%12,5) hastada (3 renal kitle, 1 sürrenal kitle) renal ven yaralanmasına bağlı kanama nedeniyle açık operasyona geçildi. Bu hastalara perop dönemde 2 ünite eritrosit süspansiyonu verildi. Sonuç: Laparoskopi öğrenme eğrisi uzun olan cerrahi bir tekniktir. Transabdominal ve retroperitoneal laparoskopik girişimler düşük morbidite ve komplikasyon oranları, yüksek hasta memnuniyeti ve kısa hastanede kalış süresi ile tercih sebebidir. Bu minimal invaziv yöntemin sunduğu avantajlardan, değişik patolojileri olan hastalar yararlanabilmektedir. SUMMARY Objective: The results of the laparoscopic surgeries performed in our clinic between August 2009 and March 2010 and the complications that occurred due to these surgeries were evaluated retrospectively. Material and method: Thirty-two patients (17 men, 15 women) underwent laparoscopic surgery in our clinic. The mean age of the patients was 51.7 ± 14.3 (19-72) years and the indications for surgery were renal mass in 15 patients, non-functional kidney in 5 patients, ureter stone in 4 patients, adrenal mass in 3 patients, ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 3 patients and renal cyst in 2 patients. Of the 32 laparoscopic interventions, 19 were performed transabdominally and 13 were performed retroperitoneally. For both methods, the mean throcar placement duration was 16.6 ± 3.0 (15-25) minutes. Results: Mean duration of surgery was 173.3 ± 51.8 (90-300) minutes for the transabdominal and retroperitoneal interventions. An average of 0.8 ± 1.5 (0-7) units of erythrocyte suspension were used peroperatively and postoperatively. The patients were mobilized at 1.1 ± 0.3 (1-2) days. Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs were administered as analgesics for 2.3 ± 0.6 (1-4) days, on average. The urethral catheters were removed after 2.8 ± 2.8 ( 1-13) days and the drainage tubes were removed after 4.9 ± 3.0 (2-14) days. Mean hospital stay was 6.0 ± 3.1 (2-14) days. Four patients (12.5%, 3 with renal mass and 1 with surrenal mass) were converted to open surgery due to renal vein injury. Peroperatively, 2 units of erythrocyte suspension were given to these patients. Conclusion: Laparoscopy is a surgical technique that requires a long learning curve. Transabdominal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic interventions are preferable since they are associated with low morbidity, low complication rates, high patient satisfaction and short hospital stay. Patients with various pathologies may benefit from the advantages offered by this minimal invasive method

Cut-Off Values of Specific IgE and Skin Prick Test to Predict Oral Food Challenge Positivity in Children with Cow's Milk Allergy

Objective: The cut-off values for the skin prick test diameters and cow's milk-specific IgE measurements are used to predict the result of the oral food challenge test for the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic values of skin prick test and cow's milk-specific IgE according to age groups and compare the diagnostic powers of these 2 methods. Materials and Methods: In total, 153 children who had a preliminary diagnosis of cow's milk allergy were evaluated. Group A (n = 90) consisted of cow's milk allergy patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by a positive oral food challenge or a history of anaphylaxis. Group B (n = 63) was composed of patients with a negative oral food challenge. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of 2 groups were compared. Results: The cut-off points for cow's milk-specific IgE and cow's milk-skin prick test were determined as >2.12 kUA/L and >5 mm, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.844 for cow's milk-skin prick test (sensitivity 73%, specificity 84%) and 0.745 for cow's milk-specific IgE (sensitivity 67%, specificity 86%). The diagnostic power of skin prick test was determined to be higher when compared to cow's milk-specific IgE (P=.02). According to the predicted probability curves, decision points for cow's milk-specific IgE and cow's milk-skin prick test with 95% probability were determined as follows, respectively: for 24 months: 44.1 kUA/, 15.1 mm. The lowest cut-off value with a positive predictive value of 95% and a specificity of 96% was found in patients 3.3 kUA/L) Conclusion: The use of high probability diagnostic values of communities for specific IgE and skin prick test along with a significant clinical history may provide accurate and rapid diagnosis of cow's milk allergy and facilitate patient follow-up

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Determination of some properties of tiramisu produced with kalaba yogurt

Ülkemizde önemli bir yere sahip olan geleneksel gıdalara duyulan ilgi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Turistler tarafından ilgi odağı olan Kapadokya bölgesinde, geleneksel ürünler de önemli birer gastronomi unsurudur. Yöresel süt ürünleri üretimi ve tanıtımı da bu konuda önem taşımaktadır. Bu ürünlerden biri de Nevşehir ili Avanos ilçesine bağlı Kalaba kasabasında üretilen yöresel adıyla yüz yoğurdu (makine ağzı yoğurdu) ya da Kalaba yoğurdudur. Yöreye özgü nitelikte kalmış Kalaba yoğurdunun özelliklerinin araştırılması ve yemek reçetelerine uyarlanması ile bu ürünün gastronomi açısından değerinin artacağı düşünülmektedir. İtalyan mutfağının en bilinen tatlılarından biri olan Tiramisu, orijinal reçetesinde Mascarpone peyniri ile, alternatif reçetelerde ise Labne peyniri ile hazırlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kalaba yoğurdunun, dünya mutfağında kabul görmüş Tiramisu tatlısının reçetesinde ikame olarak kullanım olanaklarının araştırılması ve ürün niteliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu sebeple Mascarpone peyniri, Labne peyniri ve Kalaba yoğurdu ile yapılan Tiramisu tatlılarının fizikokimyasal özellikleri ve toplam enerji miktarları belirlenmiştir. Hazırlanan Tiramisu örneklerinin 4,8-5,09 pH değerine, %52,74-59,70 kurumadde, %0,97-1,07 kül, %21,25-28,75 yağ, %5,24-5,89 protein ve %18,71-29,88 karbonhidrat içeriğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Toplam enerji değerleri ise 313,01-354,93 kcal/100 g arasında bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda Tiramisu tatlısının reçetesinde Kalaba yoğurdunun alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.Kapadokya Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Proje Koordinatörlüğ

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Determination of the Amount of Food Waste in the University Refectory and the Effect of Improvements Made to Reduce Food Waste

Determining the amount of food waste is crucial for identifying specific areas needing improvement and for measuring the effectiveness of implemented changes. This study aimed to assess food waste in university cafeterias before and after implementing menu improvements and nutritional awareness initiatives. Data collection included food waste measurements, nutrition knowledge seminars, and surveys conducted from December 2020 to August 2021. Menu improvements involved standardizing recipes and enhancing the texture, color, and flavor of meals. Educational initiatives, such as seminars, posters, and brochures, were used to raise awareness about food waste. Overall, food waste decreased significantly after menu changes, particularly in soups, main courses, and second courses (P < 0.05), with the exception of salads and desserts. There were no significant differences in participant characteristics before and after the improvements (P > 0.05). Satisfaction with menu quality and meal service increased significantly (P < 0.001), and participants’ awareness of food waste improved (P < 0.05). The findings indicate that menu improvements and increased nutritional awareness can effectively reduce food waste, thereby mitigating negative environmental and economic impacts