El debate sobre la imagen en la España del siglo XV: judíos, cristianos y conversos

This article analizes the polemic on religious images in Spain during the XVth century, and edits two nuclear texts for its reconstruction: two chapters from the apologetic works of Fr. Alonso de Espina and Pablo de Santa Maria. These texts represent opposite attitudes toward the "image problem" in a moment when images became a major issue of the religious conflict between jews, "conversos" and old christians.Este artículo analiza la polémica de la imagen religiosa en la España del siglo XV y edita dos textos fundamentales para su reconstrucción: sendos capítulos apologéticos de las obras del fray Alonso de Espina y del converso Pablo de Santa María, los cuales demuestran la ausencia de un criterio homogéneo en un momento en el que las imágenes jugaron un papel importante en el enfrentamiento religioso

Differential growth of wrinkled biofilms

Biofilms are antibiotic-resistant bacterial aggregates that grow on moist surfaces and can trigger hospital-acquired infections. They provide a classical example in biology where the dynamics of cellular communities may be observed and studied. Gene expression regulates cell division and differentiation, which affect the biofilm architecture. Mechanical and chemical processes shape the resulting structure. We gain insight into the interplay between cellular and mechanical processes during biofilm development on air-agar interfaces by means of a hybrid model. Cellular behavior is governed by stochastic rules informed by a cascade of concentration fields for nutrients, waste and autoinducers. Cellular differentiation and death alter the structure and the mechanical properties of the biofilm, which is deformed according to Foppl-Von Karman equations informed by cellular processes and the interaction with the substratum. Stiffness gradients due to growth and swelling produce wrinkle branching. We are able to reproduce wrinkled structures often formed by biofilms on air-agar interfaces, as well as spatial distributions of differentiated cells commonly observed with B. subtilis.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figure

Dynamics of elastic biofilm threads

Fac. de Ciencias MatemáticasFALSEunpu

Geometry Induced Biofilm Formation

Bacteria in aqueous environments usually gather to form aggregates called biofilms. In biofilms, cells display many behavioral differences from planktonic cells, such as a 1,000-fold increase in tolerance to antibiotics. Hospital-acquired infections are often caused by biofilm spread through medical systems. Design improvements hindering biofilm formation rely on identifying factors that favor their appearance. Geometry variations in medical flow circuits may trigger biofilm nucleation through vortical motion driving bacteria to walls. Detailed flow studies in mili and microfluidic devices support that observation. Once biofilm seeds are created, they proliferate forming filaments whose structure is again controlled by the geometry

Castillos y fortalezas del reino [Manuscritos]

Copia del párrafo dedicado a Antequera que aparece en las páginas 16 y 17 del libro: "Castillos y fortalezas del reino" de Julián Paz Espeso, 1868-1942, de la Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos, Madrid, 1914

Capacity-building in indigenous communities. A case of Participatory Action Research (PAR)

La literatura académica subraya la importancia de involucrar a la comunidad en los procesos de capacitación turística. Sin embargo, apenas hay reflexiones sobre cómo diseñar e implementar la formación en áreas rurales y remotas. En este trabajo se exponen las cuatro fases de un ciclo de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), desarrollada en la Selva Lacandona de México con la colaboración de los grupos originarios lacandones y ch’oles. El objetivo de estudio fue la capacitación humana en las áreas de sistemas turísticos, interpretación del patrimonio natural y cultural, y creación de producto. Todo ello complementado con una capacitación específica para mujeres y jóvenes, grupos tradicionalmente relegados en estas comunidades. El relato de las distintas fases de la IAP nos muestra cómo el conocimiento ancestral es la base para una capacitación turística sólida. La involucración de jóvenes estudiantes en los procesos de formación en comunidades, los formatos adaptados a los contextos locales, y los ejercicios de reciprocidad científica, sirven además para la revitalización cultural, el refuerzo de la autoestima y el desarrollo endógeno de los pueblos indígenas.The academic literature emphasizes the importance of community involvement in tourism training processes. However, there is a lack of reflections about how to design and implement collaborative training programs in rural and remote areas. This paper presents the four phases of a Participatory Action Research (IAP) cycle developed in the Lacandon Jungle of Mexico in collaboration with the Lacandon and Ch’ol indigenous groups. The aim of the project was to build human capacity in the areas of tourism systems, interpretation of natural and cultural heritage, and tourism product design. These areas were complemented with specific training programs for those traditionally relegated in their communities: women and youth. The account of the different IAP phases shows how ancestral knowledge is the basis for solid tourism training. The involvement of young students in the capacity-building program, the employment of formats tailored to local contexts and the exercise of scientific reciprocity serve to cultural revitalization, self-esteem strengthening and endogenous development of indigenous communities

Social tourism & older people: the IMSERSO initiative

Extant demand-perspective social tourism studies have generally focused on children, families and the disabled whilst older people remain an under-researched group in relation to the personal and social benefits of social tourism initiatives. This study discusses the lack of research on social tourism and older people and takes a demand-side perspective to examine one of the world’s most developed and large-scale social tourism schemes for older people, the Spanish Government’s IMSERSO programme. A qualitative approach explores the nature of older people’s engagement with the scheme and its impact on their wellbeing, through individual in-depth interviews with twenty-seven IMSERSO participants in Benidorm, Spain – a popular IMSERSO destination. The thematic analysis is structured around five themes: social connectivity, the impact of caring responsibilities, a new beginning, escape and practical support. The findings for these IMSERSO participants suggest that, as factors such as caring obligations and hardship experienced in early life are reduced in later life, they have the capacity for increased holiday-taking and social activity and consequently for participation in the IMSERSO scheme. The scheme is found to have a positive impact on their wellbeing by providing opportunities for meeting and interacting with new people, acting as a distraction from ill-health and thus reducing stress, depression and anxiety. However, the article raises questions over the ability of those without strong social networks, including no partner, and those with ongoing caring responsibilities (those who, it could be argued, are most in need of a holiday) to participate in the scheme