Coronary arterial findings after accidental death immediately after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

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De terugkeer van Alledaags Racisme

In recent societal debates on racism in the Netherlands, cultural anthropologist Philomena Essed has become one of the key faces of Dutch research on racism. Over three decades ago, Essed published a monograph entitled Alledaags Racisme (Everyday Racism), which gave rise to substantial debate within and beyond academia on the existence of racism – especially of a more implicit, everyday variation – in the Netherlands. For the first time since 1984, Alledaags Racisme is granted a new edition and has arguably only gained in relevance in a time when issues regarding race-ethnicity are increasingly politicized (e.g. the ‘Black Pete’ debate; ethno-racial profiling by police forces). Discussing – but also going beyond – this debate, this article reports a conversation between Julian Schaap and Essed on contemporary everyday racism, the sociology of race-ethnicity, and the epistemology and methodology of research that is distinctly political

Computed Tomography During Experimental Balloon Dilatation For Calcific Aortic Stenosis. A Look into the Mechanism of Valvuloplasty

Thin‐slice contiguous computed tomographic scanning was performed in four postmortem hearts with calcific aortic valve stenosis (mean weight: 583 ± 78 g; mean age: 65 ± 10 years) before, during, and after balloon valvuloplasty. Balloons of increasing diameter (15–19 mm single balloons, and 3 × 12‐mm trefoil‐shaped balloon) were positioned across the aortic valve and manually inflated to pressures of 3 to 4 atmospheres. During inflation of the 3 × 12‐mm balloon a larger residual orifice, potentially free for blood passage, was observed in the two cases with bicuspid valves and in one case with a fused tricuspid valve, while the reverse was noted in one case with a tricuspid valve without fusion. In most cases valvular orifice enlargement only occurred with larger diameter balloons. After valvuloplasty aortic valve area increased from 0.72 (range 0.20–0.95) cm2 to 2.36 (range 0.95–3.14) cm2. The smallest orifice enlargement after dilatation occurred in case 1, where valvular calcified deposits had the largest volume and the highest computed tomographic attenuation value. In each patient macroscopic changes (fracture of nodular calcifications, commissural splitting, tearing of the central raphe) were noted. No calcium dislodgement or aortic ring damage was observed. In autopsy specimens computed tomography provided accurate evaluation of aortic valve morphology, extent of valve calcification, balloon‐leaflet relationship during inflation, and effects of the dilatation on valve leaflets and commissures. Advances in computed tomographic cardiovascular imaging may achieve similar results in the clinical setting, and allow a more rational, individualized approach to the valvuloplasty procedure. (J Interven Cardiol 1988:1:2) Copyrigh

Flavor enhancement of food as a stimulant for food intake in elderly people

It is often speculated that the age related decline in taste and smell performance can add to the decreased food intake among elderly by causing a change in liking of food. Flavor enhancement (by adding a taste and/or an odor to enhance or intensify the flavor of the food) has been suggested to counteract for the diminished taste and smell performance in order to increase liking and subsequently intake among elderly people. However, there is no clear relationship between an impaired taste and smell functioning and flavor enhancement. In addition, the results of studies on the effect of flavor enhancement on intake are inconsistent. In this thesis we investigated the effect of flavor enhancement on liking and/or food intake in elderly people and the relationship between an altered taste and/or smell performance and liking of flavor-enhanced foods. When flavor enhancement is used as an approach to stimulate intake, it is important to know how elderly respond to a daily repeated exposure of a food. We first examined the effect of repeated exposure to fruit drinks with different sweet intensities on intake, pleasantness and boredom in young and non-institutionalized elderly adults. Second, the relationship between an impaired taste and smell performance and the liking and intake of tomato soup enhanced with MSG (0.12%) and celery powder (3 g) was studied. Third, the effect of flavor enhancement on liking and intake has been examined in nursing home elderly people that received MSG (0.3%) and/or flavors (700 mg) sprinkled over the protein component of their hot meal during 16 weeks. As last, to study the effect of a determined optimal preferred amount of MSG on food intake, we added 0.5% MSG (optimal amount) to mashed potatoes and 2% MSG to spinach and ground beef and measured the intake of these foods among institutionalized elderly. The results showed that the elderly experienced no increase in boredom and pleasantness after daily repeated exposure to fruit juices. Elderly with an impaired taste and/or smell functioning did not show an increase in liking and intake of the flavor-enhanced soup. Thus, no relationship was established between an impaired chemosensory performance and flavor enhancement. Flavor enhancement also did not increase liking and energy intake of the hot meal after 16 weeks nor did an optimal preferred amount of MSG increase intake of mashed potatoes, spinach and ground beef. A standardized flavor enhancement of foods did not prove an effective approach to increase food intake in frail elderly people. Therefore we reviewed the literature to obtain a recent picture on the causes of taste and smell loss in the elderly and to examine if the available methods to measure these losses are adequate. Results of the review showed that elderly are a heterogeneous group with various degrees of taste and smell loss and that the applied methods can distinguish the variations. This result implies a more individual, tailored taste and/or flavor enhancement of foods when it is part of a treatment or used in the prevention of undernutrition. We proposed a future strategy for flavor enhancement of foods in which we embedded the results of this review. </p

How a turn to critical race theory can contribute to our understanding of 'race', racism and anti-racism in sport

As long as racism has been associated with sport there have been consistent, if not coordinated or coherent, struggles to confront its various forms. Critical race theory (CRT) is a framework established to challenge these racialized inequalities and racism in society and has some utility for anti-racism in sport. CRT's focus on social justice and transformation are two areas of convergence between critical race theorists and anti-racists. Of the many nuanced and pernicious forms of racism, one of the most obvious and commonly reported forms of racism in sport, racial abuse, has been described as a kind of dehumanizing process by Gardiner (2003), as those who are its target are simultaneously (re)constructed and objectified according to everyday myth and fantasy. However, this is one of the many forms of everyday racist experiences. Various forms of racism can be experienced in boardrooms, on television, in print, in the stands, on the sidelines and on the pitch. Many times racism is trivialized and put down as part of the game (Long et al., 2000), yet its impact is rarely the source of further exploration. This article will explore the conceptualization of 'race' and racism for a more effective anti-racism. Critical race theory will also be used to explore the ideas that underpin considerations of the severity of racist behaviour and the implications for anti-racism. © The Author(s) 2010

Transmission of ultrasonic contrast through the lungs

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Watching me watching you: Black women in Britain on YouTube

YouTube and video bloggers (vloggers) have been a source of academic interest, yet few studies explore the representation or experiences of Black women on YouTube. The video blogs (vlogs) of Black women yield symbolic digital resources which young Black women may engage with in self-exploratory, self-educating, resistant and collective ways. This article reflects on 21 in-depth interviews with young Black women in Britain, aged 19–33 years. It addresses how their engagement with Black women’s vlogs intersects with identity and ideological work, including participation in Black digital diasporic dynamics. Influenced by research about Black women and media culture, resistant YouTube activity, as well as race and everyday uses of celebrity, this article explores the YouTube usage of young Black women in Britain, while reflecting on what this reveals about their lives in the early 21st century. This article forms part of ‘On the Move’, a special issue marking the twentieth anniversary of the European Journal of Cultural Studies

‘Race’ Talk! Tensions and Contradictions in Sport and PE

Background: The universal sport discourses of inclusion, belonging, meritocracy, agency, and equality are so widespread that few challenge them. It is clear from the most cursory interest in sport, PE and society that the lived reality is quite different and ambiguous. Racial disparities in the leadership and administration of sport are commonplace world wide; yet from research into ‘race’ in sport and PE the public awareness of these issues is widespread, where many know that racism takes place it is always elsewhere For many this racism is part of the game and something that enables an advantage to be stolen, for others it is trivial and not worthy of deeper thought. This paper explores the contradictions and tensions of the author’s experience of how sport and PE students talk about ‘race’. ‘Race’ talk is considered here in the context of passive everyday ‘race’ talk, dominant discourses in sporting cultures, and colour-blindness. This paper focuses on the pernicious yet persistent nature of ‘race’ talk while demystifying its multifarious, spurious, and more persuasive daily iterations. Theoretical framework: Drawing on Guinier and Torres’ (2003) ideas of resistance through political race consciousness and Bonilla-Silva’s (2010) notion of colour-blindness the semantics of ‘race’ and racialisation in sport and PE are interrogated through the prism of Critical Race Theory (CRT). Critical race scholarship has been used in sport and PE to articulate a political application of ‘race’ as a starting point for critical activism, to disrupt whiteness, and to explore the implications of ‘race’ and racism. CRT is used here to centre ‘race’ and racialised relations where disciplines have consciously or otherwise excluded them. Importantly, the centreing of ‘race’ by critical race scholars has advanced a strategic and pragmatic engagement with this slippery concept that recognises its paradoxical but symbolic location in social relations. Discussion: Before exploring ‘race’ talk in the classroom, using images from the sport media as a pedagogical tool, the paper considers how effortlessly ‘race’ is recreated and renewed. The paper then turns to explore how the effortless turn to everyday ‘race’ talk in the classroom can be viewed as an opportunity to disrupt common racialised assumptions with the potential to implicate those that passively engage in it. Further the diagnostic, aspirational and activist goals of political race consciousness are established as vehicles for a positive sociological experience in the classroom. Conclusion: The work concludes with a pragmatic consideration of the uses and dangers of passive everyday ‘race’ talk and the value of a political race consciousness in sport and PE. Part of the explanation for the perpetuation of ‘race’ talk and the relative lack of concern with its impact in education and wider society is focused on how the sovereignty of sport and PE trumps wider social concerns of ‘race’ and racism because of at least four factors 1) the liberal left discourses of sporting utopianism 2) the ‘race’ logic that pervades sport, based upon the perceived equal access and fairness of sport as it coalesces with the, 3) 'incontrovertible facts' of black and white superiority [and inferiority] in certain sports, ergo the racial justifications for patterns of activity in sport and PE 4) the racist logic of the Right perpetuated through a biological reductionism in sport and PE discourses. Keywords: ‘Race’ Talk; Critical Race Theory; Political Race Consciousnes