Community Wireless Networks for the development of the social fabric and the democratization of information

Durante mucho tiempo el descubrimiento de las tecnologías inalámbricas ha modificado la dinámica de las sociedades productoras de diferente manera. En América Latina y el Caribe el uso de redes inalámbricas comunitario utilizando tecnología WIFI ha sido adoptado en proyectos impulsados por comunidades organizadas, programas de cooperación internacional, emprendimientos independientes y, en algunos casos, por gobiernos locales, las iniciativas gubernamentales para brindar conectividad en zonas aisladas se ha encaminado al uso de tecnologías que permiten la conexión a sitios remotos. Se estudió la incidencia de las tecnologías dentro del marco socioeconómico en diferentes lugares del mundo y se analizó qué factores han hecho posible que las sociedades progresen o por el contrario se limiten ante la explotación del conocimiento. Luego de realizar estos estudios se puede entrar a proponer soluciones desde diferentes temáticas abordándolas dentro de tres grandes áreas: 1. Infraestructura tecnológica 2. Contenidos digitales 3. Apropiación social y comunicación de actores sociales La Alta Consejería Distrital de TIC en armonía con el Articulo 44 “Programa TIC para Gobierno Digital, Ciudad Inteligente y Sociedad del Conocimiento y del Emprendimiento”, del Plan de Desarrollo de “Bogotá Humana” (Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, 2012) y en la dirección de hacer de Bogotá una ciudad digital e Inteligente, se encuentra desarrollando un número determinado de proyectos armonizados entre sí cuya base fundamental es entregar a la ciudad un mínimo vital de información de manera que se construya tejido social y se democratice la información. Esto se implementara mediante un proyecto de redes inalámbricas comunitarias que permitirá ESP. GERENCIA INTEGRAL DE PROYECTOS realmente una comunicación entre los diferentes actores sociales, sustituyendo la comunicación independiente que actualmente manejan las comunidades soportada en los canales tradicionales (voz a voz, perifoneo, carteles, etc) y contribuyendo al direccionamiento estratégico de las organizaciones en pro de mejorar la calidad de vida de todos los habitantes del sector.For a long time the discovery of wireless technologies has changed the dynamics of the producing companies differently. In Latin America and the Caribbean using community wireless networks using WiFi technology has been adopted in projects promoted by organized communities, international cooperation programs, independent enterprises and, in some cases, local governments, government initiatives to provide connectivity in areas isolated has been directed to the use of technologies that allow connection to remote sites. The incidence of technologies within the socio-economic framework in different parts of the world was studied and analyzed which factors have made it possible for companies progress or otherwise is limited to the exploitation of knowledge. After performing these studies can enter, propose solutions from different addressing them within three thematic areas: 1. Technological Infrastructure 2. Digital Content 3. Social appropriation and communication of stakeholders The High Council District ICT in harmony with Article 44 "ICT Programme for Digital Government, Smart City and Knowledge Society and Entrepreneurship" Development Plan "Bogotá Humana" (Mayor of Bogota, 2012) and the direction of making Bogotá a digital and intelligent city, is developing a number of projects which harmonized with each other foundation is to give the city a minimum of vital information so that social fabric is built and democratize information. This was implemented through a project of community wireless networks that actually allow communication between different stakeholders, replacing the independent media now running communities supported in traditional channels (voice to voice, loudspeakers, posters, etc) and contribute to addressing strategic organizations towards improving the quality of life for everyone in the sector

The Spalt Transcription Factors Generate the Transcriptional Landscape of the Drosophila melanogaster Wing Pouch Central Region

The Drosophila genes spalt major (salm) and spalt-related (salr) encode Zn-finger transcription factors regulated by the Decapentaplegic (Dpp) signalling pathway in the wing imaginal disc. The function of these genes is required for cell survival and proliferation in the central region of the wing disc, and also for vein patterning in the lateral regions. The identification of direct Salm and Salr target genes, and the analysis of their functions, are critical steps towards understanding the genetic control of growth and patterning of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc by the Dpp pathway. To identify candidate Salm/Salr target genes, we have compared the expression profile of salm/salr knockdown wing discs with control discs in microarray experiments. We studied by in situ hybridization the expression pattern of the genes whose mRNA levels varied significantly, and uncovered a complex transcription landscape regulated by the Spalt proteins in the wing disc. Interestingly, candidate Salm/Salr targets include genes which expression is turned off and genes which expression is positively regulated by Salm/Salr. Furthermore, loss-of-function phenotypic analysis of these genes indicates, for a fraction of them, a requirement for wing growth and patterning. The identification and analysis of candidate Salm/Salr target genes opens a new avenue to reconstruct the genetic structure of the wing, linking the activity of the Dpp pathway to the development of this epithelial tissueThis work was supported by institutional grants from Fundación Ramón Areces and Banco de Santander to the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa. BFU2009-09403, BFU2012-33994, CSD2007-00008 (http://www.mineco.gob.es/portal/site/mineco/). We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscrip

Las sanciones administrativas en el sistema eléctrico

El autor se refiere a las características generales del sistema sancionador administrativo en el ámbito eléctrico: a) Fundamento legal; b) Concreción reglamentaria; c) El debido proceso; y d) Culpabilidad subjetiva por el hecho propio. Sintetiza la revisión de las sanciones eléctricas por las Cortes de Apelaciones y Suprema en el período 2004-2005. Asimismo se refiere a los actuales cuestionamientos al sistema de sanciones administrativas en materia eléctrica, como la violación del principio de reserva o legalidad, la existencia de un sistema de responsabilidad objetiva, y los criterios de determinación de los montos de las multas que se impone

Identification of an antigenic epitope for helper T lymphocytes from carcinoembryonic antigen

PURPOSE: The product of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene is an attractive candidate for T-cell-based immunotherapy because it is frequently expressed in epithelial solid carcinomas. Although many CEA peptide epitopes capable of stimulating CTLs have been identified, no MHC class II-restricted T helper epitope has yet been reported. Experimental Design: The amino acid sequence of CEA was examined for the presence of potential T helper epitopes, and candidate peptides were used to stimulate in vitro T-cell responses. RESULTS: We describe here that using an algorithm to identify promiscuous helper T-cell epitopes, a peptide of CEA occupying residue positions 653 to 667 (CEA(653-667)), was effective in inducing in vitro T helper responses in the context of the HLA-DR4, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DR 9 alleles. Most significantly, some of the peptide-reactive helper T lymphocytes were also capable of recognizing naturally processed antigen in the form of recombinant CEA protein or cell lysates from tumors that express CEA. Interestingly, the newly identified helper T-cell epitope was found to overlap with a previously described HLA-A24-restricted CTL epitope, CEA(652-660), which could facilitate the development of a therapeutic vaccine capable of eliciting both CTL and T helper responses in patients suffering from epithelial carcinomas. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that T helper lymphocytes are capable of recognizing CEA as a tumor antigen and that epitope CEA(653-667) could be used for immunotherapy against tumors expressing CEA

Caracterização mecânica de paredes de alvenaria de pedra

O presente trabalho tem como principal objectivo a caracterização mecânica de paredes de alvenaria de pedra. O tema tratado surge na sequência de um trabalho de investigação desenvolvido no Departamento de Engenharia Civil da FCT UNL [21]. A alvenaria de pedra está presente em grande parte das construções antigas existentes em Portugal. O conhecimento das propriedades das paredes de alvenaria, desde a composição da argamassa às características das pedras e da alvenaria como material, nomeadamente a capacidade resistente e o módulo de elasticidade, são importantes para sustentar um correcto diagnóstico do real estado da estrutura e garantir assim a escolha dos materiais e técnicas que melhor se adequam a uma intervenção de reabilitação arquitectónica e/ou estrutural. Do ponto de vista estrutural, a alvenaria de pedra deve ser considerada como um meio heterogéneo cujas propriedades dependem das propriedades dos componentes [14]. Descreve-se um ensaio mecânico realizado sobre um modelo experimental com dimensões de 0,80mx1,20mx0,40m no laboratório do DEC da FCT UNL e um ensaio in-situ de macacos planos duplos, realizado na Reitora da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, em Campolide. Nos Capítulos 1 e 2 faz-se uma abordagem teórica de forma a servir de enquadramento ao tema, efectua-se uma breve caracterização construtiva dos edifícios com paredes de alvenaria de pedra, seguindo-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre trabalhos realizados nesta área. No Capítulos 3 faz-se a descrição dos ensaios realizados. A interpretação e análise dos resultados é feita no Capítulo 4 e no Capítulo 5 sintetizam-se as conclusões do estudo

ER stress regulates myeloid-derived suppressor cell fate through TRAIL-R–mediated apoptosis

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) dampen the immune response thorough inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation and often are expanded in pathological conditions. Here, we studied the fate of MDSCs in cancer. Unexpectedly, MDSCs had lower viability and a shorter half-life in tumor-bearing mice compared with neutrophils and monocytes. The reduction of MDSC viability was due to increased apoptosis, which was mediated by increased expression of TNF-related apoptosis–induced ligand receptors (TRAIL-Rs) in these cells. Targeting TRAIL-Rs in naive mice did not affect myeloid cell populations, but it dramatically reduced the presence of MDSCs and improved immune responses in tumor-bearing mice. Treatment of myeloid cells with proinflammatory cytokines did not affect TRAIL-R expression; however, induction of ER stress in myeloid cells recapitulated changes in TRAIL-R expression observed in tumor-bearing hosts. The ER stress response was detected in MDSCs isolated from cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice, but not in control neutrophils or monocytes, and blockade of ER stress abrogated tumor-associated changes in TRAIL-Rs. Together, these data indicate that MDSC pathophysiology is linked to ER stress, which shortens the lifespan of these cells in the periphery and promotes expansion in BM. Furthermore, TRAIL-Rs can be considered as potential targets for selectively inhibiting MDSCs

Chilean Digital Press Coverage of the Relation between Diet and Mental Health

Chile has a serious public health problem due to the high prevalence of both unhealthy dietary patterns and mental illnesses. Given that dietary quality is positively associated with the quality of mental health, it is urgent that healthy dietary patterns be promoted among Chileans. The WHO recommends the use of mass media for the dissemination of knowledge about mental health. Since health news affect people’s attitudes and health behaviors, this study analyzed the coverage by three Chilean online newspapers with the largest readership regarding the relation between diet and mental health in 2016. A previously constructed corpus of 2551 news items about food was analyzed quantitatively. The results show that the relevance of the topic diet and mental health was low in all three newspapers. The most frequent type of information was on “foods” and not “nutrients” that “benefit”—not that “damage”—mental health. The quality of the news was poor as a narrow range of sources was found. An individual responsibility frame predominated in the information to the detriment of a public health frame.Fil: Sanchez Sabate, Rubén. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Zunino, Esteban. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Badilla Briones, Yasna. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Celedón Celis, Natalia. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Caro Saldías, Daniel. Universidad de La Frontera; Chil

Immature myeloid cells directly contribute to skin tumor development by recruiting IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells

Evidence links chronic inflammation with cancer, but cellular mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. We have demonstrated that in humans, inflammatory conditions that predispose to development of skin and colon tumors are associated with accumulation in tissues of CD33(+)S100A9(+) cells, the phenotype typical for myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer or immature myeloid cells (IMCs) in tumor-free hosts. To identify the direct role of these cells in tumor development, we used S100A9 transgenic mice to create the conditions for topical accumulation of these cells in the skin in the absence of infection or tissue damage. These mice demonstrated accumulation of granulocytic IMCs in the skin upon topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), resulting in a dramatic increase in the formation of papillomas during epidermal carcinogenesis. The effect of IMCs on tumorigenesis was not associated with immune suppression, but with CCL4 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4)-mediated recruitment of IL-17–producing CD4(+) T cells. This chemokine was released by activated IMCs. Elimination of CD4(+) T cells or blockade of CCL4 or IL-17 abrogated the increase in tumor formation caused by myeloid cells. Thus, this study implicates accumulation of IMCs as an initial step in facilitation of tumor formation, followed by the recruitment of CD4(+) T cells