Constraints on Flavored 2d CFT Partition Functions

We study the implications of modular invariance on 2d CFT partition functions with abelian or non-abelian currents when chemical potentials for the charges are turned on, i.e. when the partition functions are "flavored". We begin with a new proof of the transformation law for the modular transformation of such partition functions. Then we proceed to apply modular bootstrap techniques to constrain the spectrum of charged states in the theory. We improve previous upper bounds on the state with the greatest "mass-to-charge" ratio in such theories, as well as upper bounds on the weight of the lightest charged state and the charge of the weakest charged state in the theory. We apply the extremal functional method to theories that saturate such bounds, and in several cases we find the resulting prediction for the occupation numbers are precisely integers. Because such theories sometimes do not saturate a bound on the full space of states but do saturate a bound in the neutral sector of states, we find that adding flavor allows the extremal functional method to solve for some partition functions that would not be accessible to it otherwise.Comment: 45 pages, 16 Figures v3: typos corrected, expanded appendix on numeric implementatio

The Most Irrational Rational Theories

We propose a two-parameter family of modular invariant partition functions of two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) holographically dual to pure three-dimensional gravity in anti de Sitter space. Our two parameters control the central charge, and the representation of $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$. At large central charge, the partition function has a gap to the first nontrivial primary state of $\frac{c}{24}$. As the $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ representation dimension gets large, the partition function exhibits some of the qualitative features of an irrational CFT. This, for instance, is captured in the behavior of the spectral form factor. As part of these analyses, we find similar behavior in the minimal model spectral form factor as $c$ approaches $1$.Comment: 25 pages plus appendices, 11 figure

Contributions of the RhoGEF activity of p210 BCR/ABL to disease progression

We have previously identified a tyrosine kinase-independent, guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity that is contained within the region of p210 BCR/ABL that distinguishes it from p190 BCR/ABL. In the current study we have compared the transforming activity of p190 BCR/ABL, p210 BCR/ABL, and a mutant that lacks GEF activity (p210 BCR/ABL(S509A)). In cell-based, ex vivo, and murine bone marrow transplantation assays (BMT) the transforming activity of p210 BCR/ABL(S509A) mimics p190 BCR/ABL, and is distinct from p210 BCR/ABL. Thus, in the BMT assay, the p190 BCR/ABL and p210 BCR/ABL(S509A) transplanted mice exhibit a more rapid onset of disease than mice transplanted with p210 BCR/ABL. The reduced disease latency is associated with erythroid hyperplasia in the absence of anemia, and expansion of the MEP, CMP and GMP populations, producing a phenotype that is similar to acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M6). The disease phenotype is readily transplantable into secondary recipients. This is consistent with ex vivo clonogenicity assays where p210 BCR/ABL preferentially supports the growth of CFU-GM, while p190 BCR/ABL and the mutant preferentially support the growth of BFU-E. These results suggest that the GEF activity that distinguishes p210 BCR/ABL from p190 BCR/ABL actively regulates disease progression

Evolving American Investing Attitudes: The Hybrid Shift In Mutual Fund Distribution

This paper studies the dramatic evolution in the way American investors choose to invest in the mutual fund industry. The industry’s change from direct-to-shareholder model to a third-party distribution model is discussed, as well as the implications for future mutual fund investors. Ever since the first recorded asset and debt managers arose in the 14th and 15th centuries in Europe, investing has grown into a tug-and-pull type of system that the human mind seems drawn to. The way that Americans choose to invest their money is changing as we enter the 21st century and the new methods and procedures are having a greater impact than many of us realize. In the U.S., trillions of dollars each year are invested in mutual funds, but more and more investors are taking a less-involved route by allowing financial analysts to choose where their money is invested. In the following pages, we will take a closer look at the mutual fund market and its basic components, the ways that mutual funds have been viewed and traded in the past, and the revolutionary changes that are happening right under our noses that the average American may not even be aware of. With the help of many credible sources, such as the Investment Company Institute, Reflow Investments LLC, and the Financial Planning Journal, the change from direct-to-shareholder mutual fund distribution to third-party intermediary distribution will be explained and the effects these changes has on the average investor will be explored