Mallarmé et Ponge, ou la formule

Dans l’un de ses premiers articles, publié en 1926 dans un numéro spécialde la N.R.F. consacré à Stéphane Mallarmé, Francis Ponge, plutôt que de célébrerle maître de l’obscurité poétique ou de louer sa parole paradoxalementsilencieuse, l’aff uble au contraire d’une « massue cloutée d’expressions-fi xes »et fait de lui le champion, tonitruant, du lieu commun. Y a-t-il chez le poète desDivagations, comme chez celui du Parti pris des choses, un art de la formule quimet en jeu le statut de la parole poétique et la rend à des usages communs ? Aprèsavoir souligné la fascination de Ponge pour le proverbe, et montré que Mallarméaussi mesure très bien les pouvoirs de l’aphorisme, l’article entreprend de saisirsur quelle vision de la poésie de telles apologies du lieu commun s’adossent

Introduction : la valeur du commun

L’idée de littérature moderne se fonde sur une séparation entre leslangues littéraire et courante : il est de fait signifi catif que le lieu commun, issude la rhétorique, acquiert son sens péjoratif justement au seuil de la modernité,lorsque la littérature devient autonome. Pourtant, comme le savent déjà lesécrivains des xixe et xxe siècles – Baudelaire et Flaubert en tête –, le lieu communpermet de diff user des idées, de communiquer des contenus, de se réapproprierun rapport au langage qui n’est pas sans valeur esthétique. Il est surtout le signed’une pensée collective et participe à la constitution de communautés dont lesécrivains modernes ne sont pas toujours exclus. Rendu à son sens littéral, il peutêtre un espace de rencontre entre l’art et la foule, entre l’art et la vie.L’idée de littérature moderne se fonde sur une séparation entre leslangues littéraire et courante : il est de fait signifi catif que le lieu commun, issude la rhétorique, acquiert son sens péjoratif justement au seuil de la modernité,lorsque la littérature devient autonome. Pourtant, comme le savent déjà lesécrivains des xixe et xxe siècles – Baudelaire et Flaubert en tête –, le lieu communpermet de diff user des idées, de communiquer des contenus, de se réapproprierun rapport au langage qui n’est pas sans valeur esthétique. Il est surtout le signed’une pensée collective et participe à la constitution de communautés dont lesécrivains modernes ne sont pas toujours exclus. Rendu à son sens littéral, il peutêtre un espace de rencontre entre l’art et la foule, entre l’art et la vie

Outdoor Play für alle – gemeinsam sind wir stark! : Einflussfaktoren auf die Partizipation von Kindern im Outdoor Play und die Rolle der Ergotherapie bei dessen Förderung

Darstellung des Themas: Trotz bestehenden Gesetzen und Richtlinien haben nicht alle Kinder die gleichen Möglichkeiten, im Outdoor Play zu partizipieren. Ergotherapeutinnen und Ergotherapeuten besitzen die nötigen Kompetenzen, um die Partizipation im Outdoor Play zu fördern. Diese Kompetenzen können anhand der Enablement-Skills aus dem Ergotherapie-Modell CMOP-E erläutert werden. Ziel: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, aufzuzeigen, welche Faktoren die Partizipation von Kindern im Outdoor Play beeinflussen und wie die Ergotherapie die Partizipation fördern kann. Methode: Mit einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurde Literatur zum Thema gesucht. Die Ergebnisse aus der Literatur werden anhand der Enablement-Skills aus dem CMOP-E Modell auf die ergotherapeutische Arbeit übertragen. Relevante Ergebnisse: Die Partizipation im Outdoor Play wird von verschiedenen Faktoren beeinflusst. Diese sollen berücksichtigt sowie die Partizipation der Kinder und verschiedenen Fachpersonen bei der Planung von Spielflächen gefördert werden. Schlussfolgerung: Das Outdoor Play hat für die kindliche Entwicklung einen essentiellen Wert und muss gefördert werden. Ergotherapeutinnen und Ergotherapeuten sind in der Lage auf verschiedenen Ebenen aktiv zu werden. Das Recht auf und die Wichtigkeit von Outdoor Play muss in der Gesellschaft und in der Politik Anerkennung finden und durchgesetzt werden

Sinopsis de la legislación de partidos políticos en el Uruguay

El presente artículo se publica en cumplimiento del acuerdo de canje celebrado con la "Revista Jurídica Estudiantil" de Montevideo. República Oriental de Uruguay, el 3 de agosto de 1987

Challenges recruiting to a proof-of-concept pharmaceutical trial for a rare disease: The trigeminal neuralgia experience

Background: This study aimed to describe recruitment challenges encountered during a phase IIa study of vixotrigine, a state and use-dependent Nav1.7 channel blocker, in individuals with trigeminal neuralgia. Methods: This was an international, multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study that included a 7-day run-in period, a 21-day open-label phase, and a 28-day double-blind phase in which patients (planned n = 30) were randomized to vixotrigine or placebo. Before recruitment, all antiepileptic drugs had to be stopped, except for gabapentin or pregabalin. After the trial, patients returned to their original medications. Patient recruitment was expanded beyond the original five planned (core) centers in order to meet target enrollment (total recruiting sites N = 25). Core sites contributed data related to patient identification for study participation (prescreening data). Data related to screening failures and study withdrawal were also analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Approximately half (322/636; 50.6%) of the patients who were prescreened at core sites were considered eligible for the study and 56/322 (17.4%) were screened. Of those considered eligible, 26/322 (8.1%) enrolled in the study and 6/322 (1.9%) completed the study. In total, 125 patients were screened across all study sites and 67/125 (53.6%) were enrolled. At prescreening, reasons for noneligibility varied by site and were most commonly diagnosis change (78/314; 24.8%), age > 80 years (75/314; 23.9%), language/distance/mobility (61/314; 19.4%), and noncardiac medical problems (53/314; 16.9%). At screening, frequently cited reasons for noneligibility included failure based on electrocardiogram, insufficient pain, and diagnosis change. Conclusions: Factors contributing to recruitment challenges encountered in this study included diagnosis changes, anxiety over treatment changes, and issues relating to distance, language, and mobility. Wherever possible, future studies should be designed to address these challenges. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01540630. EudraCT, 2010-023963-16. 07 Aug 2015

An optimised protocol for isolation of RNA from small sections of laser-capture microdissected FFPE tissue amenable for next-generation sequencing

Background: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue constitutes a vast treasury of samples for biomedical research. Thus far however, extraction of RNA from FFPE tissue has proved challenging due to chemical RNA–protein crosslinking and RNA fragmentation, both of which heavily impact on RNA quantity and quality for downstream analysis. With very small sample sizes, e.g. when performing Laser-capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate specific subpopulations of cells, recovery of sufficient RNA for analysis with reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) or next-generation sequencing (NGS) becomes very cumbersome and difficult. Methods: We excised matched cancer-associated stroma (CAS) and normal stroma from clinical specimen of FFPE canine mammary tumours using LCM, and compared the commonly used protease-based RNA isolation procedure with an adapted novel technique that additionally incorporates a focused ultrasonication step. Results: We successfully adapted a protocol that uses focused ultrasonication to isolate RNA from small amounts of deparaffinised, stained, clinical LCM samples. Using this approach, we found that total RNA yields could be increased by 8- to 12-fold compared to a commonly used protease-based extraction technique. Surprisingly, RNA extracted using this new approach was qualitatively at least equal if not superior compared to the old approach, as Cq values in RT-qPCR were on average 2.3-fold lower using the new method. Finally, we demonstrate that RNA extracted using the new method performs comparably in NGS as well. Conclusions: We present a successful isolation protocol for extraction of RNA from difficult and limiting FFPE tissue samples that enables successful analysis of small sections of clinically relevant specimen. The possibility to study gene expression signatures in specific small sections of archival FFPE tissue, which often entail large amounts of highly relevant clinical follow-up data, unlocks a new dimension of hitherto difficult-to-analyse samples which now become amenable for investigation

Bird breeder's disease: a rare diagnosis in young children

Bird breeder's lung disease is the most common form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and is a rare entity in young children. We report three cases of children under 7 years of age in whom this diagnosis was confirmed early in the course of the disease. Three children aged 4.4 to 6.5 years presented with dry cough lasting for more than 1 month, dyspnoea, variable loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, fever and mild signs of respiratory distress. Chest X-ray films and CT scans showed a bilateral micronodular infiltrate. All three patients had strongly suggestive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid findings with lymphocytosis; two had elevated cell counts and decreased CD4/CD8 ratios. Lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in all children. Contact with allergens was identified in all children: two had spent holidays close to a farm in the previous month and one was living next to a pigeon house. In all children, avian precipitins were positive. The symptoms rapidly resolved after allergen avoidance and treatment with oral prednisone. Corticoid treatment was given between 11 and 15 weeks. One child relapsed and required long-term low-dose corticotherapy for 1 year. Lung function tests were normal in all three patients, 3.9 to 5.7 years after diagnosis. Conclusion:Bird breeder's lung disease is a rare entity but should be considered in young children presenting long lasting cough. While rapid allergen exclusion and start of treatment can avoid the evolution into irreversible lung fibrosis, clinical and biological evolution should be monitored carefully even after stopping corticoid treatment because of the possibility of relaps

Diagnostisches und therapeutisches Vorgehen in der Akutphase nach kranio-zervikalem Beschleunigungstrauma (sog. Schleudertrauma) : Empfehlungen einer schweizerischen Arbeitsgruppe

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/abq_eh_news/1514/thumbnail.jp