Teachers’ changing work and support needs from the perspectives of school leaders and newly qualified teachers in the Finnish context

Teachers operate amidst continuous societal changes that transform schools. In response, teachers must acquire wide-ranging professional competences to work in complex school situations while cooperating with numerous partners both within and outside the school. This study examines how teacher growth and the new demands of the teaching profession appear from the perspectives of school leaders and newly qualified teachers. The aim is to investigate in which professional competences new teachers require support at the beginning of their careers. After presenting various theoretical reflections, we analyse the empirical data of Finnish school leaders (N = 104) and new teachers (N = 145) using quantitative and qualitative methods. The results indicate that new teachers require support, for example, in order to provide holistic support for students’ learning and in working with partners, both within and outside the school community. The results provide important knowledge for the induction phase of teachers’ careers.Peer reviewe

Aims and challenges of handicraft and home economics education in Estonia

The content sharing link for your article is https://rdcu.be/blNrMPeer reviewe

New and atypical combinations: An assessment of novelty and interdisciplinarity

Novelty indicators are increasingly important for science policy. This paper challenges the indicators of novelty as an atypical combination of knowledge (Uzzi et al., 2013) and as the first appearance of a knowledge combination (Wang et al., 2017). We exploit a sample of 230,854 articles (1985 - 2005), published on 8 journals of the American Physical Society (APS) and 2.4 million citations to test the indicators using (i) a Configuration Null Model, (ii) an external validation set of articles related to Nobel Prize winning researches and APS Milestones, (iii) a set of established interdisciplinarity indicators, and (iv) the relationship with the articles\u2019 impact. We find that novelty as the first appearance of a knowledge combination captures the key structural properties of the citation network and finds it difficult to tell novel and non-novel articles apart, while novelty as an atypical combination of knowledge overlaps with interdisciplinarity. We suggest that the policy evidence derived from these measures should be reassessed

A precautionary public health protection strategy for the possible risk of childhood leukaemia from exposure to power frequency magnetic fields

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Epidemiological evidence showing a consistent association between the risk of childhood leukaemia and exposure to power frequency magnetic fields has been accumulating. This debate considers the additional precautionary intervention needed to manage this risk, when it exceeds the protection afforded by the exposure guidelines as recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The Bradford-Hill Criteria are guidelines for evaluating the scientific evidence that low frequency magnetic fields cause childhood leukaemia. The criteria are used for assessing the strength of scientific evidence and here have been applied to considering the strength of evidence that exposures to extremely low frequency magnetic fields may increase the risk of childhood leukaemia. The applicability of precaution is considered using the risk management framework outlined in a European Commission (EC) communication on the Precautionary Principle. That communication advises that measures should be proportionate, non-discriminatory, consistent with similar measures already taken, based on an examination of the benefits and costs of action and inaction, and subject to review in the light of new scientific findings.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The main evidence for a risk is an epidemiological association observed in several studies and meta-analyses; however, the number of highly exposed children is small and the association could be due to a combination of selection bias, confounding and chance. Corroborating experimental evidence is limited insofar as there is no clear indication of harm at the field levels implicated; however, the aetiology of childhood leukaemia is poorly understood. Taking a precautionary approach suggests that low-cost intervention to reduce exposure is appropriate. This assumes that if the risk is real, its impact is likely to be small. It also recognises the consequential cost of any major intervention. The recommendation is controversial in that other interpretations of the data are possible, and low-cost intervention may not fully alleviate the risk.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The debate shows how the EC risk management framework can be used to apply the Precautionary Principle to small and uncertain public health risks. However, despite the need for evidence-based policy making, many of the decisions remain value driven and therefore subjective.</p

Publicació científica : política sobre l'accés obert

El següent informe revela la necessitat d'establir una política europea sobre la publicació d'accés obert. Per començar, es fan unes recomanacions sobre el paper que hauria de jugar la Comissió com a entitat finançadora, política i de suport d'aquest tipus de publicació. Aquesta política europea, un cop establerta, s'hauria de desplegar per fases, donada la seva complexitat, i es proposa començar per la recerca feta en el marc del programa FP7 i de la recerca finançada amb fons públics. Es defineixen els conceptes clau relacionats amb la publicació d'Accés Obert i després s'analitzen les polítiques sobre l'accés obert. Finalment, s'analitza també l'estat de la qüestió de l'accés obert dins la comunitat investigadora i s'apunten unes directrius que hauria de seguir la política europea

Scientific publication: policy on open access (European Research Advisory Board Final Report)

EURAB was invited by the Commission to examine the issue of scientific publication with particular reference to policy recommendations regarding open access for Framework Programme 7 (FP7). A clear policy at European level is required which sets out a number of key high level principles. The forthcoming Communication on scientific information scheduled for publication in late 2006 or early 2007 will be a key milestone in this respect. The Commission can play a role in three respects: as a funding body, as a policy body, as a supporting body. These roles are outlined and an open access publications mandate is proposed for the European Commission

Moving AHEAD with an international human epigenome project.

A plan to ‘genomicize’ epigenomics research and pave the way for breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human disease

The Construction of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology: The Realisation of an Ambiguous Policy Idea

This paper discusses the emergence of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), from the launch of the policy idea in 2005 to the first EIT board decisions on knowledge and innovation communities in 2009. Earlier attempts to set- up a European institute have either failed or have taken a very long time and the initial idea of the EIT was risky and controversial. This raises the question of how and why the idea of the EIT took root so quickly. The analysis builds upon Kingdon’s work and shows the important role of Barroso as policy entrepreneur and of contextual factors keeping the policy window open for a surprisingly long time