Factores psicosociales del trabajo y Síndrome de Burnout en docentes universitarios, Bluefields, Nicaragua

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores psicosociales negativos del trabajo percibido por el trabajador, y su relación con el Síndrome de Burnout  en docentes universitarios de la ciudad de Bluefields.El tipo de estudio es cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado mediante la aplicación de la escala de factores psicosociales del trabajo académico y el Maslach Burnout Inventory, instrumentos aplicados a 109 docentes. Los resultados revelan la presencia de una alta demanda del  papel académico y desarrollo de la carrera como factor negativo en el ambiente laboral de los docentes, también señala la despersonalización como la dimensión del síndrome de Burnout. Se encontró asociación entre el factor contenido y características de la tarea con la dimensión de despersonalización, así como relación entre papel académico y desarrollo de la carrera con el agotamiento emocional.SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the negative psychosocial work factors perceived by the workers, and its relation with Burnout syndrome among university teachers in the city of Bluefields.The study is quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and was made by applying the scale of psychosocial factors of academic work and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, instruments that were applied to 109 teachers. The results reveal a high demand of the academic role and career development as a negative factor in the teachers work environment; it also refers to depersonalization as a dimension of Burnout Syndrome. Among the findings we found association between the factors related to the contents and characteristics of the task with the dimension of depersonalization, as well as relationship between the academic role and career development with emotional exhaustion

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Factores psicosociales del trabajo y Síndrome de Burnout en docentes universitarios, Bluefields, Nicaragua

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores psicosociales negativos del trabajo percibido por el trabajador, y su relación con el Síndrome de Burnout  en docentes universitarios de la ciudad de Bluefields.El tipo de estudio es cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado mediante la aplicación de la escala de factores psicosociales del trabajo académico y el Maslach Burnout Inventory, instrumentos aplicados a 109 docentes. Los resultados revelan la presencia de una alta demanda del  papel académico y desarrollo de la carrera como factor negativo en el ambiente laboral de los docentes, también señala la despersonalización como la dimensión del síndrome de Burnout. Se encontró asociación entre el factor contenido y características de la tarea con la dimensión de despersonalización, así como relación entre papel académico y desarrollo de la carrera con el agotamiento emocional.SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the negative psychosocial work factors perceived by the workers, and its relation with Burnout syndrome among university teachers in the city of Bluefields.The study is quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and was made by applying the scale of psychosocial factors of academic work and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, instruments that were applied to 109 teachers. The results reveal a high demand of the academic role and career development as a negative factor in the teachers work environment; it also refers to depersonalization as a dimension of Burnout Syndrome. Among the findings we found association between the factors related to the contents and characteristics of the task with the dimension of depersonalization, as well as relationship between the academic role and career development with emotional exhaustion

Factores psicosociales del trabajo y síndrome de burnout en docentes universitarios, Bluefields, Nicaragua

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores psicosociales negativos del trabajo percibido por el trabajador, y su relación con el Síndrome de Burnout en docentes universitarios de la ciudad de Bluefields. El tipo de estudio es cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado mediante la aplicación de la escala de factores psicosociales del trabajo académico y el Maslach Burnout Inventory, instrumentos aplicados a 109 docentes. Los resultados revelan la presencia de una alta demanda del papel académico y desarrollo de la carrera como factor negativo en el ambiente laboral de los docentes, también señala la despersonalización como la dimensión del síndrome de Burnout. Se encontró asociación entre el factor contenido y características de la tarea con la dimensión de despersonalización, así como relación entre papel académico y desarrollo de la carrera con el agotamiento emocional

Active sampling of volatile chemicals for non-invasive classification of chicken eggs by sex early in incubation.

According to industry estimates, approximately 7 billion day-old male chicks are disposed of annually worldwide because they are not of use to the layer industry. A practical process to identify the sex of the egg early in incubation without penetrating the egg would improve animal welfare, reduce food waste and mitigate environmental impact. We implemented a moderate vacuum pressure system through commercial egg-handling suction cups to collect volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Three separate experiments were set up to determine optimal conditions to collect eggs VOCs to discriminate male from female embryos. Optimal extraction time (2 min), storage conditions (short period of incubation during egg storage (SPIDES) at days 8-10 of incubation), and sampling temperature (37.5°C) were determined. Our VOC-based method could correctly differentiate male from female embryos with more than 80% accuracy. These specifications are compatible with the design of specialized automation equipment capable of high-throughput, in-ovo sexing based on chemical sensor microchips

Active sampling of volatile chemicals for non-invasive classification of chicken eggs by sex early in incubation.

According to industry estimates, approximately 7 billion day-old male chicks are disposed of annually worldwide because they are not of use to the layer industry. A practical process to identify the sex of the egg early in incubation without penetrating the egg would improve animal welfare, reduce food waste and mitigate environmental impact. We implemented a moderate vacuum pressure system through commercial egg-handling suction cups to collect volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Three separate experiments were set up to determine optimal conditions to collect eggs VOCs to discriminate male from female embryos. Optimal extraction time (2 min), storage conditions (short period of incubation during egg storage (SPIDES) at days 8-10 of incubation), and sampling temperature (37.5°C) were determined. Our VOC-based method could correctly differentiate male from female embryos with more than 80% accuracy. These specifications are compatible with the design of specialized automation equipment capable of high-throughput, in-ovo sexing based on chemical sensor microchips

Results of the use of active sampling in VOCs detection in Experiment A.

(a and b) PCA scores plot showing differences between active and non-active sampling: (a) and distribution of samples by sex (b). (c) PLS-DA scores plot applied to only active sampled eggs (using flow) shows initial differences between sex of the samples.</p

Raw data corresponding to the three experiments presented in this paper.

Excel files from Experiment A, Experiment B and Experiment C, describing samples, variables and the corresponding areas from the signals obtained using Twister-GC-MS. (ZIP)</p

PLS-DA models by sex using fertile samples from Experiment B.

(a) PLS-DA scores plot build using all fertile samples from Experiment B. (b) PLS-DA scores plot built using only eggs with Twisters® exposed during 2 min. (c) PLS-DA Y prediction boxplot showing the differences between male (Y = 0) and female (Y = 1) sample responses when applied to the model, using a Threshold value to discriminate.</p