London Earth : presentation and assessment of field observation data

The London Earth field survey followed a systematic sampling approach to collect a representative suite of soil samples from across London from a variety of land uses, in order to ensure a robust, unbiased dataset which will represent the baseline geochemistry of the city’s environment. Soil geochemical baseline data can be used to investigate soil quality and geochemical processes in the urban environment, as well as determining where the levels of certain chemical elements are potentially hazardous to humans as well as the natural environment (Johnson and Ander, 2008). In addition to the collection of samples, important accompanying information including observations about the soil colour and composition, and land use details for each sampling site were recorded. This data is an important aspect of the survey as it allows us to assess the site and supports interpretation of the geochemical results. The combination of the geochemical survey data and related field observations provides a comprehensive data resource which will provide valuable information to land use planning and development applications such as urban regeneration as well as provide opportunity for science in the interest of national good. The aim of this report is to present and assess the observational data in order to: i. show the spatial distribution of certain properties of the data set, such as the land use types that were recorded for each sample; ii. to discuss their relative proportions; and, iii. to explain, where possible, any trends or patterns that can be seen in the data. This will be done primarily by presenting maps and graphs of the data and by some discussion of the information they contain. This is intended to provide a useful resource to support the ongoing interpretation of the geochemical data

Foreword

This paper treats the current progress in the research of superconducting quantum bits. It includes background theory in the two distinct fields of superconductivity and quantum bits and how these two research fields relate. Different designs of superconducting quantum bits are presented including the derivation of their respective Hamiltonian. Particular focus is put on the Cooper Pair Box-design and the Transmon-design with their structure more explained in detail and energy levels numerically calculated. The paper concludes by comparing the various designs in terms of sensitivity to outer disturbances.Denna rapport behandlar forskningsframgångarna inom supraledande kvantbitar. Den innehåller bakgrundsteori i de två distinkta forskningsområdena supraledning och kvantbitar och hur de två relaterar till varandra. Olika varianter av supraledande kvantbitar presenteras inklusive härledningar av deras respektive Hamiltonianer. Särskild fokusläggs på Cooper Pair Box-designen och på Transmon-designen då deras strukturer förklaras mer i detalj och deras energinivåer beräknas numeriskt. Rapporten avslutas meden jämförelse mellan de olika varianternas känslighet mot yttre störningar