Causal networks for climate model evaluation and constrained projections

Global climate models are central tools for understanding past and future climate change. The assessment of model skill, in turn, can benefit from modern data science approaches. Here we apply causal discovery algorithms to sea level pressure data from a large set of climate model simulations and, as a proxy for observations, meteorological reanalyses. We demonstrate how the resulting causal networks (fingerprints) offer an objective pathway for process-oriented model evaluation. Models with fingerprints closer to observations better reproduce important precipitation patterns over highly populated areas such as the Indian subcontinent, Africa, East Asia, Europe and North America. We further identify expected model interdependencies due to shared development backgrounds. Finally, our network metrics provide stronger relationships for constraining precipitation projections under climate change as compared to traditional evaluation metrics for storm tracks or precipitation itself. Such emergent relationships highlight the potential of causal networks to constrain longstanding uncertainties in climate change projections. Algorithms to assess causal relationships in data sets have seen increasing applications in climate science in recent years. Here, the authors show that these techniques can help to systematically evaluate the performance of climate models and, as a result, to constrain uncertainties in future climate change projections

Homenaje nacional al maestro Carballido: Setenta años de Carballido

Homenaje nacional al maestro Carballido: Setenta años de Carballid

The Postmodernization of History in the Theatre of Sabina Berman

The Postmodernization of History in the Theatre of Sabina Berma

Freedom and Fantasy: A Structural Approach to the Fantastic in Carballido's Las cartas de Mozart

Freedom and Fantasy: A Structural Approach to the Fantastic in Carballido's Las cartas de Mozar

XXV Aniversario de la Facultad de Teatro de la Universidad Veracruzana

XXV Aniversario de la Facultad de Teatro de la Universidad Veracruzan

Foro Nacional de Dramaturgia en México

Foro Nacional de Dramaturgia en Méxic

Dynamic characteristics and processing of fillers in polyurethane elastomers for vibration damping applications

Polyurethane elastomers have the potential of being used to reduce vibrational noise in many engineering applications. The performance of the elastomer is directly related to matching the nature of the mechanical loss characteristics to the frequency and temperature dependence of the source of the vibration. Materials with a broad frequency response and good mechanical properties are desirable for situations were load bearing and isolation becomes an issue. Because automobile, and other related vehicles operate over a broad temperature range, it is desirable for the damping characteristics of the elastomer to ideally be independent of temperature and frequency. In practice, this is not possible and the creation of materials with a broad spectrum response is desirable. In this paper, the effects of various fillers on the breadth and temperature dependence of the vibration damping characteristics of a filled and crosslinked polyurethane elastomer are explored. The fillers studied are wollastonite, barium sulphate and talc. These materials have different shapes, sizes and surface chemistry and undergo different types of interaction with the matrix. The vibration damping characteristics were further varied by the use of a crosslinking agent. Data presented on the rheological characteristics indicate the strength of the filler-polyol interactions. Dielectric relaxation and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis demonstrate the way in which changes in the type of filler, concentration and amount of crosslinker lead to changes in the location and breadth of the energy dissipation process in these elastomers. The vibration damping characteristics of a selected material are presented to demonstrate the potential of these materials

A Theatre of Contradictions: The Recent Works of Emilio Carballido

A Theatre of Contradictions: The Recent Works of Emilio Carballid

Language in/as Action in Egon Wolff's Háblame de Laura

Language in/as Action in Egon Wolff's Háblame de Laur