Autologous anti-SOX2 antibody responses reflect intensity but not frequency of antigen expression in small cell lung cancer

Background: Anti-SOX2 antibody responses are observed in about 10 to 20% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether such responses reflect a particular pattern of SOX2 protein expression in the tumor and whether this pattern associates with clinical outcome. Methods. Paraffin embedded tumor tissues, obtained from SCLC patients who had no evidence of paraneoplastic autoimmune degeneration, were evaluated for SOX2 expression by immunohistochemistry for both intensity and extent of staining. Sera from the same patients were tested for autologous antibodies against recombinant SOX2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlates between overall survival and various clinical parameters including SOX2 staining and serology were determined. Results: SOX2 protein expression was observed in tumor tissue in 89% of patients. Seventeen patients (29%) were seropositive for SOX2 antibodies and, in contrast to SOX2 staining, the presence of antibody correlated with limited disease stage (p = 0.05). SOX2 seropositivity showed a significant association with the intensity of SOX2 staining in the tumor (p = 0.02) but not with the frequency of SOX2 expressing cells. Conclusion: Anti-SOX2 antibodies associate with better prognosis (limited stage disease) while SOX2 protein expression does not; similar to reports from some earlier studies. Our data provides an explanation for this seemingly contrasting data for the first time as SOX2 antibodies can be observed in patients whose tumors contain relatively few but strongly staining cells, thus supporting the possible presence of active immune-surveillance and immune-editing targeting SOX2 protein in this tumor type. © 2014 Atakan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy: a systematic review.

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a fatal disease process in which pulmonary hypertension (PH) develops in the setting of malignancy. The purpose of this study is to present a detailed analysis of cases of PTTM reported in literature in the hopes of achieving more ante-mortem diagnoses. We conducted a systematic review of currently published and available cases of PTTM by searching the term "pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy" on the Pubmed.gov database. Seventy-nine publications were included consisting of 160 unique cases of PTTM. The most commonly reported malignancy was gastric adenocarcinoma (94 cases, 59%). Cough and dyspnea were reported in 61 (85%) and 102 (94%) cases, respectively. Hypoxemia was reported in 96 cases (95%). Elevation in D-dimer was noted in 36 cases (95%), presence of anemia in 32 cases (84%), and thrombocytopenia in 30 cases (77%). Common findings on chest computed tomography (CT) included ground-glass opacities (GGO) in 28 cases (82%) and nodules in 24 cases (86%). PH on echocardiography was noted in 59 cases (89%) with an average right ventricular systolic pressure of 71 mmHg. Common features of PTTM that are reported across the published literature include presence of dyspnea and cough, hypoxemia, with abnormal CT findings of GGO, nodules, and mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy, and PH. PTTM is a universally fatal disease process and this analysis provides a detailed examination of all the available published data that may help clinicians establish an earlier diagnosis of PTTM

Autologous anti-SOX2 antibody responses reflect intensity but not frequency of antigen expression in small cell lung cancer

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Background: Anti-SOX2 antibody responses are observed in about 10 to 20% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether such responses reflect a particular pattern of SOX2 protein expression in the tumor and whether this pattern associates with clinical outcome. Methods. Paraffin embedded tumor tissues, obtained from SCLC patients who had no evidence of paraneoplastic autoimmune degeneration, were evaluated for SOX2 expression by immunohistochemistry for both intensity and extent of staining. Sera from the same patients were tested for autologous antibodies against recombinant SOX2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlates between overall survival and various clinical parameters including SOX2 staining and serology were determined. Results: SOX2 protein expression was observed in tumor tissue in 89% of patients. Seventeen patients (29%) were seropositive for SOX2 antibodies and, in contrast to SOX2 staining, the presence of antibody correlated with limited disease stage (p = 0.05). SOX2 seropositivity showed a significant association with the intensity of SOX2 staining in the tumor (p = 0.02) but not with the frequency of SOX2 expressing cells. Conclusion: Anti-SOX2 antibodies associate with better prognosis (limited stage disease) while SOX2 protein expression does not; similar to reports from some earlier studies. Our data provides an explanation for this seemingly contrasting data for the first time as SOX2 antibodies can be observed in patients whose tumors contain relatively few but strongly staining cells, thus supporting the possible presence of active immune-surveillance and immune-editing targeting SOX2 protein in this tumor type. © 2014 Atakan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Attitudes and perceptions regarding entrepreneurship around the world : a cluster analysis approach

Nowadays it is believed that entrepreneurship could be a driving force in growth and develop-ment. For the achievement of a relevant national entrepreneurship rate the social and economic business environment can be crucial. However, despite the international attention given to entrepreneurship, it is not known if it is a global phenomenon or if there are particular regions where the entrepreneurial activity is specially recognized by society. Applying cluster analysis statistical techniques to a dataset gathered by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and that includes, in 2010, 59 countries this paper intends to identify groups of countries with the same population attitude and perception regarding entrepreneurship

Attitudes and perceptions regarding entrepreneurship around the world : a cluster analysis approach

Nowadays it is believed that entrepreneurship could be a driving force in growth and development. For the achievement of a relevant national entrepreneurship rate the social and economic business environment can be crucial. However, despite the international attention given to entrepreneurship, it is not known if it is a global phenomenon or if there are particular regions where the entrepreneurial activity is specially recognized by society. Applying cluster analysis statistical techniques to a dataset gathered by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and that includes, in 2010, 59 countries this paper intends to identify groups of countries with the same population attitude and perception regarding entrepreneurship

Conceitos que caracterizam o mundo espiritual de uma pessoa em unidades fraseológicas com componente onomástico nas línguas tártara, turca e inglesa

The article is devoted to comparative analysis of phraseological units describing the spiritual world of a person in Tatar, Turkish and English languages. The concepts of the spiritual world of man are of interest for studying the linguistic picture of the world of three different structured languages. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that phraseological units are one of the most difficult studies in science linguistics. This study is devoted to the comparative consideration of concepts characterizing the spiritual world of a person through the prism of phraseological units in Tatar, Turkish and English linguistics. The study was conducted at the intersection of linguocognitive, anthropocentric, structural-semantic, communicative-functional paradigms involving a large volume of ethnocultural information of each language.O artigo é dedicado à análise comparativa de unidades fraseológicas que descrevem o mundo espiritual de uma pessoa nas línguas tártara, turca e inglesa. Os conceitos do mundo espiritual do homem são de interesse para estudar a imagem linguística do mundo de três línguas estruturalmente diferentes. A relevância da pesquisa é determinada pelo fato de que as unidades fraseológicas são um dos estudos mais difíceis na ciência linguística. Este estudo é dedicado à consideração comparativa de conceitos que caracterizam o mundo espiritual do homem através do prisma de unidades fraseológicas na linguística tártara, turca e inglesa. O estudo foi realizado na interseção de paradigmas linguocognitivos, antropocêntricos, estruturais-semânticos e comunicativos-funcionais, que envolveram um grande volume de informações etnoculturais de cada língua

O uso de unidades fraseológicas da língua inglesa com componente onomástico em discursos de figuras políticas (um estudo do discurso político)

The article is devoted to the study of phraseological units with an onomastic component, as well as the translation ethics of future translators who, after graduating from higher educational institutions, will carry out their translation activities, interact with other translators, interact with customers and with all participants in the translation process, as well as in the speeches of political figures. The success and quality of the translation activities of future translators equally depend on their competent translation and impeccable observance of ethical norms and rules. The purpose of the presented article is to study phraseological units and the rules of their use in the field of translation with an onomastic component. The study was conducted at the intersection of linguocognitive, anthropocentric, communicative and functional paradigms involving a large amount of information about the language being studied.O artigo é dedicado ao estudo das unidades fraseológicas com componente onomástico, bem como à ética da tradução dos futuros tradutores que, após se formarem em instituições de ensino superior, realizarão suas atividades de tradução, interagirão com outros tradutores, interagirão com os clientes e com todos os participantes no processo de tradução, assim como nos discursos de figuras políticas. O sucesso e a qualidade das atividades de tradução dos futuros tradutores dependem igualmente da sua tradução competente e do cumprimento impecável das normas e regras éticas. O objetivo do artigo apresentado é estudar as unidades fraseológicas e as regras do seu uso no campo da tradução com componente onomástico. O estudo foi realizado na interseção dos paradigmas linguísticos, antropocêntricos, comunicativos e funcionais, envolvendo uma grande quantidade de informações sobre a língua em estudo

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]