Learning about the Energy of a Hurricane System through an Estimation Epistemic Game

As part of a study into students' problem solving behaviors, we asked upper-division physics students to solve estimation problems in clinical interviews. We use the Resources Framework and epistemic games to describe students' problem solving moves. We present a new epistemic game, the "estimation epistemic game". In the estimation epistemic game, students break the larger problem into a series of smaller, tractable problems. Within each sub-problem, they try to remember a method for solving the problem, and use estimation and reasoning abilities to justify their answers. We demonstrate how a single case study student plays the game to estimate the total energy in a hurricane. Finally, we discuss the implications of epistemic game analysis for other estimation problems.Comment: 4 pages. Submitted to Physics Education Research Conference 201

Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. We have fine-mapped 64 GWAS regions known at the conclusion of the iCOGS study using large-scale genotyping and imputation in 25 723 PrCa cases and 26 274 controls of European ancestry. We detected evidence for multiple independent signals at 16 regions, 12 of which contained additional newly identified significant associations. A single signal comprising a spectrum of correlated variation was observed at 39 regions; 35 of which are now described by a novel more significantly associated lead SNP, while the originally reported variant remained as the lead SNP only in 4 regions. We also confirmed two association signals in Europeans that had been previously reported only in East-Asian GWAS. Based on statistical evidence and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, we have curated and narrowed down the list of the most likely candidate causal variants for each region. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines and eQTL analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for overlap with bio-features within this set. By incorporating the novel risk variants identified here alongside the refined data for existing association signals, we estimate that these loci now explain ∼38.9% of the familial relative risk of PrCa, an 8.9% improvement over the previously reported GWAS tag SNPs. This suggests that a significant fraction of the heritability of PrCa may have been hidden during the discovery phase of GWAS, in particular due to the presence of multiple independent signals within the same regio

Effect of modarate period of progressive anaerobic training on serum level of superoxide dismutase and Catalase in female rats

Background and Objective: Different physical activities affect on anti-oxidative system. Varity, period and intensity of activities are necessary in health improvement. This study was carried out to determine the effect of medium period of progressive anaerobic training on serum level of superoxide dismutase and Catalase in female rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 female rats were randomly allocated into control and anaerobic training groups. The training program lasted for 8 weeks with control (without activity) and anaerobic including 3 sessions in a week with speed of 24-30 meters per minute in slope range (515) for 30 seconds. Results: Serum level of superoxide dismutase was significantly increased in progressive anaerobic training group (109.1±17.3 U/ml) in compare to controls (98.8±12.8 U/ml) (P<0.05). Serum level of Catalase was 51.2±7.2 and 48.4±4.2 U/ml in control and progressive anaerobic training, respectively. This difference was not significant. Conclusion: The medium period of progressive anaerobic training influences serum level of superoxide dismutase and Catalase in female rats

Effect of short and medium periods of high intensities aerobic training on serum level of superoxide dismutase and Catalase enzymes in rats

Background and Objective: Physical activities affect on antioxidative pathway. Varity, period and intensity of activities are important in health improvement. This study was carried out to determine the effect of short and medium periods of high intensities aerobic training on serum level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) enzymes in female rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 45 Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly allocated into control, short (4 weeks) and medium (8 weeks) of high intensities aerobic training groups. The exercise program was performed on 5 session in each week with speed of 10-17 meters per minute in slope range (

Abstract P689: Do Cyclic Patterns of Stroke Code Activation Occur in a Comprehensive Stroke Center?

Background: The effects of circadian rhythm on stroke can include increases in morning heart rate, blood pressure, catecholamines, platelet aggregation, and hypercoagulability and might correlate with higher numbers of morning strokes. We assessed time of day and frequency of stroke code activation for a potential role of circadian rhythm in stroke risk. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from an IRB approved stroke registry, from July 2004 to July 2020, was performed. Codes were included where stroke codes were activated with last known well (LKW) &lt;6 hours to limit the effect of wake-up strokes and equalize changing practice patterns over time. Subjects were divided into four epochs based on code activation: Night (00:00-05:59), Morning (06:00-11:59), Afternoon (12:00-17:59), and Evening (18:00-23:59). Confirmed diagnosis of stroke, baseline blood pressure (SBP &amp; DBP), heart rate (HR), and PTT were compared. Chi squared was used to compare categorical data and t test for continuous. Results: A total of 5,366 subjects were identified. Stroke code activations differed across epochs (Night n=312, 5.81%; Morning n=1439, 26.82%; Afternoon n=2207, 41.13%; Evening n=1408, 26.24%: p&lt;0.0001). In the subset analysis of true strokes, activations also differed across epochs (Night n=125, 5.26%; Morning n= 831, 34.95%; Afternoon n=934, 39.28%; Evening n=488, 20.52%: p&lt;0.0001). Overall, SBP was different with Evening highest and Morning lowest (x 151.6, x 148.2;p=0.01). Overall DBP showed Night highest and Afternoon lowest (x 83.9, x 81;p=0.002). Heart rate showed Night highest and Morning lowest (x 84.9, x 81.6;p=0.002). Conclusions: This study found that most stroke code activations occur in Afternoons at this CSC. This may be due to patient level characteristics, bystander availability, or other factors. Future studies should assess multi-center data and include other circadian rhythm biomarkers. </jats:p

Abstract WP120: Can Early Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Predict Early Neurological Deterioration And Risk Of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Endovascular Treatment?

Background: Recent advances in endovascular therapy (EVT) have led to a significant improvement in functional outcomes of patients with stroke. However, early neurological deterioration (END) after EVT has still remained a concerning issue. Reasons for END include reocclusion, hyperperfusion after recanalization, and hemorrhagic transformation. The current study was designed to assess the feasibility of early transcranial Doppler (TCD) after EVT, to identify association between TCD findings and END. Methods: This is a pilot study to assess the feasibility of TCD prior and early (within 60 minutes) after EVT. For all selected arteries, we measured peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, mean flow velocity and pulsatility index. Patients were followed for three months after the intervention and disability was measured using modified Rankin scale (mRS). We examined the possible association between active leptomeningeal collateral flow after EVT and END. Results: Between October 16, 2020, and March 28, 2021, we recruited 20 acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion who underwent EVT. Five patients were excluded because of a poor temporal window; two had an unsuccessful intervention. Four patients had END and all of them had active leptomeningeal flow with elevated blood pressure after EVT. In cases without END, we did not observe any flow diversion or active leptomeningeal collateral after EVT.In those without significant post-stroke disability (mRS&lt;2), we did not observe any active leptomeningeal flow or flow diversion with blood pressure of ≤ 155/85. Most patients with post-stroke disability (mRS ≥ 2) had either flow diversion or active leptomeningeal flow in the presence of blood pressure ≥ 170/93. Hyperemia was associated with hemorrhagic transformation, particularly in the presence of elevated blood pressure. All cases with symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation had hyperemia. Conclusion: TCD is a feasible approach early after EVT. It has clinical implications in identifying those with END and risk for sICH. Early TCD after EVT may provide personalized BP management based on individualized cerebral flow and the presence of active collateral flow after EVT. Studies with larger sample size are warranted. </jats:p