Increased Oral Detection, but Decreased Intestinal Signaling for Fats in Mice Lacking Gut Microbiota

Germ-free (GF) mice lacking intestinal microbiota are significantly leaner than normal (NORM) control mice despite consuming more calories. The contribution of microbiota on the recognition and intake of fats is not known. Thus, we investigated the preference for, and acceptance of, fat emulsions in GF and NORM mice, and associated changes in lingual and intestinal fatty acid receptors, intestinal peptide content, and plasma levels of gut peptides. GF and NORM C57Bl/6J mice were given 48-h two-bottle access to water and increasing concentrations of intralipid emulsions. Gene expression of the lingual fatty acid translocase CD36 and protein expression of intestinal satiety peptides and fatty-acid receptors from isolated intestinal epithelial cells were determined. Differences in intestinal enteroendocrine cells along the length of the GI tract were quantified. Circulating plasma satiety peptides reflecting adiposity and biochemical parameters of fat metabolism were also examined. GF mice had an increased preference and intake of intralipid relative to NORM mice. This was associated with increased lingual CD36 (P<0.05) and decreased intestinal expression of fatty acid receptors GPR40 (P<0.0001), GPR41 (P<0.0001), GPR43 (P<0.05), and GPR120 (P<0.0001) and satiety peptides CCK (P<0.0001), PYY (P<0.001), and GLP-1 (P<0.001). GF mice had fewer enteroendocrine cells in the ileum (P<0.05), and more in the colon (P<0.05), relative to NORM controls. Finally, GF mice had lower levels of circulating leptin and ghrelin (P<0.001), and altered plasma lipid metabolic markers indicative of energy deficits. Increased preference and caloric intake from fats in GF mice are associated with increased oral receptors for fats coupled with broad and marked decreases in expression of intestinal satiety peptides and fatty-acid receptors

Pelargonium graveolens and P. radens: A comparison of their morphology and essential oils

A synopsis of the nomenclature, taxonomy and geographical distribution of Pelargonium graveolens L’Hérit. and P. radens H.E. Moore, two closely related species, are presented. They are both octoploids (2n=88), and clearly advanced species within the section Pelargonium. Morphologically they are very similar, differing in leaf characters only. The composition of their essential oils, published for the first time, is almost identical. The isomeric terpenes citronellol, geraniol, linalol and nerol, responsible for the rose scent of geranium oil, are either lacking or present in very small quantities (always<0,5% of the total yield). The existence of hybrids between P. graveolens and P. radens, confirms their close relationship

Origin of the rose-scented Pelargonium cultivar grown on Réunion Island

The Pelargonium cultivar grown on Réunion for the production of rose-scented geranium oil is locally known as the cv. Rosé. The origin of the cv. Rosé is demonstrated by comparing its morphology, chromosome number and essential oil with those of putative ancestral species. It is concluded that P. capitatum (L.) L’Hérit. and P. radens H.E. Moore can be considered as the parent species. A comparison of the characters of the cv. Rosé and those of artificial hybrids between P. capitatum and P. radens, confirmed the assumption

Utilisation de pellicules de colza dans l'alimentation du lapin en croissance. Effets sur la qualite des carcasses.

National audienc

Utilisation de pellicules de colza dans l'alimentation du lapin en croissance. II. Effet sur la qualite des carcasses.

National audienc