Efeito de algumas características dos solos sobre a disponibilidade do P nativo e a solubilização da apatita de Araxá

In a pot experiment, samples of 17 São Paulo State soils, were fertilized with 0 and 400 kg of total P(2)0(5) /ha by the addition of Araxa apatite and triple superphosphate. Rice was grown and the aerial part was cut after 40 days and used as a biological index. The dry matter weight was correlated to soil available P, determined by H2SO4 and by ionic exchange resins. It was not possible to determine which soils properties influenced the apatite solubilization, but seems that pH and native soil P, can indicate some aspects of the process.Vasos contendo amostras de 17 solos do Estado de São Paulo receberam superfosfato triplo como tratamento comparativo e apatita de araxá, nas doses correspondentes a 0 e 400 kg de P2O2 total/ha. Um mês apôs, semeou-se arroz nos mesmos, sendo a parte aérea das plantas colhidas no início da formação da panícula. A produção de matéria seca, usa da como índice biológico, mostrou que os teores de P disponível dos solos, determinados pelos métodos do H2SO4 e da resina de troca iônica evidencia bem a capacidade de suprimento do elemento nas amostras estudadas. Por outro lado, não foi possível identificar as características dos solos que são responsáveis pela solubilização da apatita de araxá, porém o pH e o teor de de P nativo do solo parecem esclarecer alguns aspectos do processo

Avaliação do crescimento e da utilização de nutrientes pelo amendoim

Avaliaram-se os padrões de crescimento e de absorção de macro e de micronutrientes de quatro cultivares de amendoim, sendo três de lançamento recente, IAC-Oirã, lAC-Poitara e IAC-Tupã, todos de porte ereto e um mais antigo, Penápolis, de hábito rasteiro. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os cultivares recentes apresentaram o mesmo padrão de crescimento e de acúmulo dos nutrientes e o cultivar a rasteiro, de ciclo mais longo, apresentou um padrão ligeiramente diferente. Dentre os cultivares estudados, IAC-Tupã e IAC-Oirã apresentaram certa superioridade na eficiência de aproveitamento da matéria seca total produzida e do total de nutrientes translocados para a semente, órgão alvo da cultura do amendoim.Plant growth and mineral absorption of four peanut cultivare were evaluated, three of them being new erect cultivars, IAC-Oirã, IAC-Poitara and IAC-Tupã, and the fourth, Penápolis an old creeper cultivar. The new cultivars had the same growth and nutrient absorption patterns. The cultivar Penápolis showed small differences specially due to cicle size. The new cultivars, IAC-Tupã and IAC-Oirã showed better efficiency in transporting to seeds the produced dry matter and nutrients, the target organ in a peanut crop

Nutrient extraction and exportation by common bean cultivars under different fertilization levels: I - macronutrients

The use of cultivars with a higher yield potential and the adoption of new technology have achieved high grain yields in common bean, which probably changed the demand for nutrients in this crop. However, there is almost no information about the periods of the cycle in which nutrients are most demanded at which quantities by the main cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient extraction and exportation by the common bean cultivars Pérola and IAC Alvorada, under different levels of NPK fertilization, on a dystroferric Red Nitosol, in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block (split plot) design with four replications. The plots consisted of six treatments based on a 2 x 3 factorial model, represented by two cultivars and three NPK levels (PD0 - 'Pérola' without fertilization, PD1 - 'Pérola' with 50 % of recommended fertilization, PD2 - 'Pérola' with 100 % of recommended fertilization, AD0 - 'IAC Alvorada' without fertilization, AD1 - 'IAC Alvorada' with 50 % of recommended fertilization, and AD2 - 'IAC Alvorada' with 100 % of recommended fertilization) and subplots sampled seven times during the cycle. At higher levels of NPK fertilization, the grain yield and macronutrient extraction and exportation of both cultivars were higher, but without statistical differences. Macronutrient absorption was higher in the treatments with 100 % of recommended NPK fertilization (average amounts per hectare: 140 kg N, 16.5 kg P, 120 kg K, 69 kg Ca, 17.9 kg Mg, and 16.3 kg S). Regardless of the treatment, the demand for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg was highest from 45 to 55 days after emergence (DAE), i.e., in the R7 stage (pod formation), while the highest S absorption rates were concentrated between 55 and 65 DAE. More than 70 % of P, between 58 and 69 % of N, 40 and 52 % of S, 40 and 48 % of K, and 35 and 45 % of Mg absorbed during the cycle was exported with grains, whereas less than 15 % of Ca was exported.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University - FCA/UNESP, P.O. Box 37, CEP 18610-307 Botucatu SPFCA/UNESPDepartment of Crop Science College of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University - FCA/UNESP, P.O. Box 37, CEP 18610-307 Botucatu SPFCA/UNESPFAPESP: 10/18602-

Efeito da tosquia na temperatura corpórea e outros parâmetros clínicos em ovinos

The aim of this study was to determine the variation of the temperature after shearing in sheep under dry and hot environment conditions and to compare the temperature changes with variation in cardiac and respiratory frequencies, ruminal movements and hydration status. Twenty Suffolk unshorn ewes were studied. Physical examination was performed in all animals three times a day at 7:00 AM, 1:00 PM and 7:00 PM, during 42 days (22 days before shearing and 20 days after shearing). The skin temperature was measured by infrared thermometer over several surfaces of the body. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, for comparisons between groups (shorn versus unshorn) at each time, and the significant difference was evaluated at level of P<0.05 by Tukey test. The respiratory frequency was statistically significant at all times. When air humidity was high, the respiratory frequencies were low. The thermal stress was clear in sheep of this study, reflecting marked changes in cardiac and respiratory frequencies and rectal temperature. The respiratory frequency was the parameter more reliable to establish a framework of thermal stress in the unshorn sheep, with values on average three times higher than those reported in the literature. The heart rate monitors the thermal variation of the environment and is also an indicator of heat stress. This variation shows the Suffolk breed is well adapted to hot climates. The correlation between the body surface temperatures with environment temperature and air humidity was negative, as explained by the effect of wool insulation, i.e. even with an increase in environment temperature and humidity, the body temperature tends to maintain a compensating balance. In the shorn animals, the correlation between skin temperature with environment temperature and air humidity showed that the skin temperature increases when the environment temperature increases. The increase in the environment temperature does not affect the body temperature of unshorn animals due the insulating effect of the wool. However, when environment temperature rises, the presence of the wool starts to affect the thermal comfort as the heat absorption is larger than the capacity of heat loss. In this study, the best thermal stress indicators were the respiratory frequency and rectal and skin temperatures. The temperatures of the skin measured at the perineum, axillae and inner thigh were considered the most reliable.Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMVA) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680Departamento de Apoio Produção e Saúde Animal FMVA-Unesp, Araçatu-çatuba, SP 16050-680Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMVA) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680Departamento de Apoio Produção e Saúde Animal FMVA-Unesp, Araçatu-çatuba, SP 16050-68

Genetic insights into resting heart rate and its role in cardiovascular disease

Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality in observational and Mendelian randomization studies. The aims of this study are to extend the number of resting heart rate associated genetic variants and to obtain further insights in resting heart rate biology and its clinical consequences. A genome-wide meta-analysis of 100 studies in up to 835,465 individuals reveals 493 independent genetic variants in 352 loci, including 68 genetic variants outside previously identified resting heart rate associated loci. We prioritize 670 genes and in silico annotations point to their enrichment in cardiomyocytes and provide insights in their ECG signature. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that higher genetically predicted resting heart rate increases risk of dilated cardiomyopathy, but decreases risk of developing atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, and cardio-embolic stroke. We do not find evidence for a linear or non-linear genetic association between resting heart rate and all-cause mortality in contrast to our previous Mendelian randomization study. Systematic alteration of key differences between the current and previous Mendelian randomization study indicates that the most likely cause of the discrepancy between these studies arises from false positive findings in previous one-sample MR analyses caused by weak-instrument bias at lower P-value thresholds. The results extend our understanding of resting heart rate biology and give additional insights in its role in cardiovascular disease development

Gene-educational attainment interactions in a multi-population genome-wide meta-analysis identify novel lipid loci

Introduction: Educational attainment, widely used in epidemiologic studies as a surrogate for socioeconomic status, is a predictor of cardiovascular health outcomes.Methods: A two-stage genome-wide meta-analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels was performed while accounting for gene-educational attainment interactions in up to 226,315 individuals from five population groups. We considered two educational attainment variables: "Some College" (yes/no, for any education beyond high school) and "Graduated College" (yes/no, for completing a 4-year college degree). Genome-wide significant (p < 5 x 10(-8)) and suggestive (p < 1 x 10(-6)) variants were identified in Stage 1 (in up to 108,784 individuals) through genome-wide analysis, and those variants were followed up in Stage 2 studies (in up to 117,531 individuals).Results: In combined analysis of Stages 1 and 2, we identified 18 novel lipid loci (nine for LDL, seven for HDL, and two for TG) by two degree-of-freedom (2 DF) joint tests of main and interaction effects. Four loci showed significant interaction with educational attainment. Two loci were significant only in cross-population analyses. Several loci include genes with known or suggested roles in adipose (FOXP1, MBOAT4, SKP2, STIM1, STX4), brain (BRI3, FILIP1, FOXP1, LINC00290, LMTK2, MBOAT4, MYO6, SENP6, SRGAP3, STIM1, TMEM167A, TMEM30A), and liver (BRI3, FOXP1) biology, highlighting the potential importance of brain-adipose-liver communication in the regulation of lipid metabolism. An investigation of the potential druggability of genes in identified loci resulted in five gene targets shown to interact with drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, including genes with roles in adipose and brain tissue.Discussion: Genome-wide interaction analysis of educational attainment identified novel lipid loci not previously detected by analyses limited to main genetic effects.Pathophysiology, epidemiology and therapy of agein

Multi-ancestry study of blood lipid levels identifies four loci interacting with physical activity

Many genetic loci affect circulating lipid levels, but it remains unknown whether lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, modify these genetic effects. To identify lipid loci interacting with physical activity, we performed genome-wide analyses of circulating HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in up to 120,979 individuals of European, African, Asian, Hispanic, and Brazilian ancestry, with follow-up of suggestive associations in an additional 131,012 individuals. We find four loci, in/near CLASP1, LHX1, SNTA1, and CNTNAP2, that are associated with circulating lipid levels through interaction with physical activity; higher levels of physical activity enhance the HDL cholesterol-increasing effects of the CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 loci and attenuate the LDL cholesterol-increasing effect of the CNTNAP2 locus. The CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 regions harbor genes linked to muscle function and lipid metabolism. Our results elucidate the role of physical activity interactions in the genetic contribution to blood lipid levels

Reef fish foraging associations: "nuclear-follower" behavior or an ephemeral interaction?

A widespread feeding association among reef fishes involves nuclear and attendant species. The former causes a bottom disturbance attracting several species known as followers, which feed on items exposed by this activity. Herein we propose a novel classification for foraging associations namely "ephemeral foraging association" formerly grouped together as nuclear-follower behavior. For this classification, the interaction between the goldspotted eel Myrichthys ocellatus and other six reef fish species was taken as a study case. The present study was conducted in the Tamandaré Reef Complex, Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil (8°44'26"S and 35°05'11"W). Observations were performed during daylight periods while snorkeling with a total of 55 hours of direct observation. We recorded 18 occurrences of the "ephemeral foraging association", while 42 individuals were observed. Interactions lasted from 30 seconds to 5 minutes and total fish lengths (TL) ranged from four to ten centimeters. Most ephemeral foraging species were carnivores and territorial omnivores. Based on factors such as the way the associations are triggered, time spent in the association, cognitive reactions and territoriality of attendants the recorded interactions may be separated into a different category

Efeito da tosquia na temperatura corpórea e outros parâmetros clínicos em ovinos

The aim of this study was to determine the variation of the temperature after shearing in sheep under dry and hot environment conditions and to compare the temperature changes with variation in cardiac and respiratory frequencies, ruminal movements and hydration status. Twenty Suffolk unshorn ewes were studied. Physical examination was performed in all animals three times a day at 7:00 AM, 1:00 PM and 7:00 PM, during 42 days (22 days before shearing and 20 days after shearing). The skin temperature was measured by infrared thermometer over several surfaces of the body. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, for comparisons between groups (shorn versus unshorn) at each time, and the significant difference was evaluated at level of P<0.05 by Tukey test. The respiratory frequency was statistically significant at all times. When air humidity was high, the respiratory frequencies were low. The thermal stress was clear in sheep of this study, reflecting marked changes in cardiac and respiratory frequencies and rectal temperature. The respiratory frequency was the parameter more reliable to establish a framework of thermal stress in the unshorn sheep, with values on average three times higher than those reported in the literature. The heart rate monitors the thermal variation of the environment and is also an indicator of heat stress. This variation shows the Suffolk breed is well adapted to hot climates. The correlation between the body surface temperatures with environment temperature and air humidity was negative, as explained by the effect of wool insulation, i.e. even with an increase in environment temperature and humidity, the body temperature tends to maintain a compensating balance. In the shorn animals, the correlation between skin temperature with environment temperature and air humidity showed that the skin temperature increases when the environment temperature increases. The increase in the environment temperature does not affect the body temperature of unshorn animals due the insulating effect of the wool. However, when environment temperature rises, the presence of the wool starts to affect the thermal comfort as the heat absorption is larger than the capacity of heat loss. In this study, the best thermal stress indicators were the respiratory frequency and rectal and skin temperatures. The temperatures of the skin measured at the perineum, axillae and inner thigh were considered the most reliable