Filamentous fungi isolated from sand and water of "Bairro Novo" and "Casa Caiada" beaches, Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil

Fungi comprehend a heterogeneous group of heterotrophic microorganisms that act as saprobes or parasites or, less frequently, as symbionts living in association with other organisms. They are cosmopolitan and important components of ecosystems. Considering the small number of Brazilian papers on the filamentous mycota in marine environments, and the need to improve knowledge of the diversity of these microfungi in "Casa Caiada" and "Bairro Novo" beaches, Olinda, PE, the aim of this work was to isolate and identify the fungi from sand and water samples of these ecosystems. Thirty two samplings of sand (surface and 20 cm deep) and water (surface and 1 m deep) were carried out during the dry and rainy seasons, in low and high tide. From each sand sample, a suspension was made with 50 g of sand diluted in 90 mL of sterilized distilled water. From each sand suspension and water sample, 0.5 mL was spread, in triplicate, onto Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Agar added of chloramphenicol. The plates were incubated at 28 °C (±2 °C). Fifty seven species were isolated, identified, and classified in 20 genera. Aspergillus and Penicillium were the most frequent genera in both sand and water, with a total of 11 and 19 species, respectively.Os fungos compreendem um grupo heterogêneo de microorganismos heterotróficos, atuando como sapróbios ou parasitas, ou menos freqüentemente como simbiontes, vivendo em associação com outros organismos. São cosmopolitas e componentes importantes dos ecossistemas. Considerando-se a escassez de trabalhos no Brasil que tratam da micota filamentosa em ambientes marinhos, e ainda a necessidade do conhecimento da diversidade desses microfungos nas praias de Casa Caiada e Bairro Novo, Olinda, PE, este trabalho teve como objetivo o isolamento e identificação de fungos, em amostras de solo e de água, desses ecossistemas. Foram realizadas 32 coletas do solo (em superfície e a 20 cm de profundidade) e da água (em superfície e a 1 m de profundidade), nos períodos de estiagem e chuvoso, na baixa-mar e preamar. De cada amostra de solo, foi feita uma suspensão de 50 g de solo em 90 mL de água destilada esterilizada, e de cada amostra de solo e água foi retirado 0,5 mL para o semeio em triplicata em placas de Petri contendo ágar Sabouraud acrescido de cloranfenicol e incubadas sob temperatura ambiente (28 ± 2 °C). Foram isoladas e identificadas 57 espécies correspondentes a 20 gêneros. Aspergillus e Penicillium dominaram tanto no solo quanto na água, com um total de 11 e 19 espécies, respectivamente

O ambiente educacional do curso de Graduação em Enfermagem na perspectiva dos estudantes

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o ambiente educacional da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo, na perspectiva do estudante. Método Abordagem quantitativa com desenho exploratório. Participaram do estudo, 176 estudantes que responderam a uma escala Likert, com graduação de 1 a 5 para avaliação do ambiente educacional. Os dados foram submetidos à análise fatorial exploratóriae testes estatísticos inferenciais; a confiabilidade do instrumento foi constatada pelo Alpha de Cronbach. Resultados A análise de dimensionalidade estabeleceu quatro fatores: Suporte à aprendizagem prática, com média de escore 3,64; Atitudes durante a aprendizagem, escore médio 2,92; Clima de aprendizagem, média 3,58 e Fragilidades da aprendizagem com 3,04. Conclusão O fator mais favorável do ambiente foi o Suporte à aprendizagem. As competências atitudinais atingiram escores mais baixos, sugerindo a necessidade de fortalecer esses aspectos durante a graduação

Intestinal integrity and performance of broiler chickens fed a probiotic, a prebiotic, or an organic acid

This study aimed at evaluating the intestinal integrity, using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the performance of broiler chickens fed additives alternative to antimicrobials. A total of 1080 male chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design, with six treatments with six replicates of 30 birds each. The following treatments were evaluated: basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with an antimicrobial, basal diet supplemented with a probiotic, basal diet supplemented with a prebiotic, basal diet with a symbiotic, and basal diet supplemented with organic acids. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and livability were recorded when broiler chickens were 10, 21, 35, and 42 days old. On day 42, 72 birds were individually weighed and sacrificed. In order to evaluate the morphometrics of the different intestinal wall layers, segments of the small intestine and the cecum were collected from two birds per replicate, and intestinal integrity (SEM) was evaluated in the same segments of two birds per treatment. During the starter period (1-21 days old), birds fed the alternative additives presented similar weight gain as those fed the antimicrobial product, but were not different from control birds. Feed conversion ratio of birds fed alternative additives was better than that of the control birds from one to 10 days of age, but not during the remaining rearing period, and was similar to the birds receiving the antimicrobial. The morphometric parameters of the different intestinal wall layers was not influenced by the treatments. During the total rearing period, the evaluated alternative additives did not improve intestinal integrity or broiler performance.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med &Anim Sci, Dept Anim Prod, Botucatu, SP, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, Dept Anat, Biosci Inst, Botucatu, SP, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, Dept Vet Clin, Sch Vet Med &Anim Sci, Botucatu, SP, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med &Anim Sci, Dept Anim Prod, Botucatu, SP, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, Dept Anat, Biosci Inst, Botucatu, SP, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, Dept Vet Clin, Sch Vet Med &Anim Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazi

Na+K+ ATPase activity in the rat hippocampus: A study in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy

Biochemical abnormalities have been implicated in possible mechanisms underlying the epileptic phenomena. Some of these alterations include changes in the activity of several enzymes present in epileptic tissues. Systemic administration of pilocarpine in rats induces electrographic and behavioral limbic seizures and status epilepticus, that is followed by a transient seizure-free period (silent period). Finally a chronic phase ensues, characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures (chronic period), that last for the rest of the animal's life. the present work aimed to study the activity of the enzyme Na+ K+ ATPase, in rat hippocampus, during the three phases of this epilepsy model. the enzyme activity was determined at different time points from pilocarpine administration (1 and 24 h of status epilepticus. during the silent and chronic period) using a spectrophotometric assay previously described by Mishra and Delivoria-Papadopoulos [Neurochem. Res. (1988) 13, 765-770]. the results showed decreased enzyme activities during the acute and silent periods and increased Na+ K+ ATPase activity during the chronic phase. These data show that changes in Na+ K+ ATPase activity could be involved in the appearance of spontaneous and recurrent seizures following brain damage induced by pilocarpine injection. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier B.V.Universidade Federal de São Paulo,ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DISCIPLINA NEUROL EXPT,BR-04023900 São Paulo,BRAZILUniversidade Federal de São Paulo,ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DISCIPLINA NEUROL EXPT,BR-04023900 São Paulo,BRAZILWeb of Scienc

Ensino de Graduação em Enfermagem: a contribuição da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Enseñanza de Graduación en Enfermería: la contribuición de la Asociación Brasilera de Enfermería Teaching in Undergraduate Nursing: the contribution of Brazilian Nursing Association

O presente estudo apresenta algumas das ações mais relevantes da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem para com o processo de formação da(o) enfermeira(o), no país, contextualizando essas ações com o momento histórico em que elas aconteceram. Nesse sentido, o estudo se constitui, não só, numa produção de conhecimento na área, mas também num elemento de registro da história do ensino de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil, oferecendo instrumentos de análise para a situação atual desse ensino. O texto destaca as contribuições da ABEn no processo de formação da enfermeira, na construção e sustentabilidade das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem.<br>El presente estudio presenta algunas de las acciones más relevantes de la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería para con el proceso de formación del (de la) enfermero(a), en el país, contextualizando esas acciones con el momento historico en que ellas acontecieron. En ese sentido, el estudio se constituye, no sólo, en una producción de conocimiento en el área, pero también en un elemento de registro de la historia de la enseñanza de graduación en enfermería en el Brasil, ofreciendo instrumentos de análisis para la situación actual de esa enseñanza. El texto señala las contribuciones de la ABEn en el proceso de formación de la enfermería, en la construcción y sustentabilidad de las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para la Graduación en Enfermería.<br>The present study shows some of the most relevant actions of the Brazilian Association of Nursing in favor of the education process of the nursing professionals in Brazil, contextualizing those actions in the historical moment in which they occurred. In this manner, the study represents not only production of knowledge in the field, but also an element of record of the history of undergraduate nursing teaching in Brazil, offering instruments of analysis of the current situation of this teaching. The text highlights the contributions of the Brazilian Association of Nursing (ABEn) in the education process of the nursing professionals, and in the elaboration and sustainability of the National Curricular Guidelines of the Undergraduate Nursing Course