Numerical program for analysis of three-dimensional supersonic exhaust flow fields (CHAR 3D)

Choice of reference plane orientation depends on specific nozzle geometry, with different configurations requiring different reference plane systems. In addition, for given configuration several reference systems may be used in different regions of flow field, so each system is locally aligned with flow

Quieting the Sharholders\u27 Voice: Empirical Evidence of Pervasive Bundling in Proxy Solicitations

The integrity of shareholder voting is critical to the legitimacy of corporate law. One threat to this process is proxy “bundling,” or the joinder of more than one separate item into a single proxy proposal. Bundling deprives shareholders of the right to convey their views on each separate matter being put to a vote and forces them to either reject the entire proposal or approve items they might not otherwise want implemented. In this Paper, we provide the first comprehensive evaluation of the anti-bundling rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in 1992. While we find that the courts have carefully developed a framework for the proper scope and application of the rules, the SEC and proxy advisory firms have been less vigilant in defending this instrumental shareholder right. In particular, we note that the most recent SEC interpretive guidance has undercut the effectiveness of the existing rules, and that, surprisingly, proxy advisory firms do not have well-defined heuristics to discourage bundling. Building on the theoretical framework, this Article provides the first large-scale empirical study of bundling of management proposals. We develop four possible definitions of impermissible bundling and, utilizing a data set of over 1,300 management proposals, show that the frequency of bundling in our sample ranges from 6.2 percent to 28.8 percent (depending on which of the four bundling definitions is used). It is apparent that bundling occurs far more frequently than indicated by prior studies. We further examine our data to report the items that are most frequently bundled and to analyze the proxy advisors’ recommendations and the voting patterns associated with bundled proposals. This Article concludes with important implications for the SEC, proxy advisors, and institutional investors as to how each party can more effectively deter impermissible bundling and thus better protect the shareholder franchise

Verlinde's emergent gravity in an n−\boldsymbol{n-}dimensional, non-additive Tsallis' scenario

This paper brings together four distinct but very important physical notions: 1) Entropic force, 2) Entropy-along-a-curve, 3) Tsallis' q-statistics, and 4) Emergent gravitation. We investigate the non additive, classical (Tsallis') q-statistical mechanics of a phase-space curve in $n$ dimensions (3 dimensions, in particular). We focus attention on an entropic force mechanism that yields a simple realization of it, being able to mimic interesting effects such as confinement, hard core, and asymptotic freedom, typical of high energy physicsComment: 19 pqges. 2 figures. Title has changed. Text has changed significantl

Investigation of peak shapes in the MIBETA experiment calibrations

In calorimetric neutrino mass experiments, where the shape of a beta decay spectrum has to be precisely measured, the understanding of the detector response function is a fundamental issue. In the MIBETA neutrino mass experiment, the X-ray lines measured with external sources did not have Gaussian shapes, but exhibited a pronounced shoulder towards lower energies. If this shoulder were a general feature of the detector response function, it would distort the beta decay spectrum and thus mimic a non-zero neutrino mass. An investigation was performed to understand the origin of the shoulder and its potential influence on the beta spectrum. First, the peaks were fitted with an analytic function in order to determine quantitatively the amount of events contributing to the shoulder, also depending on the energy of the calibration X-rays. In a second step, Montecarlo simulations were performed to reproduce the experimental spectrum and to understand the origin of its shape. We conclude that at least part of the observed shoulder can be attributed to a surface effect

Three-dimensional coherence of light speckles: Theory

We provide a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional spatial coherence properties of light speckles, based on very general assumptions. We show that, while in the deep Fresnel region close to the source the longitudinal coherence of speckles is ruled by the laws of ordinary diffraction, on approach to the Fraunhofer zone the longitudinal coherence length tends to become infinite. We offer both a quantitative and a qualitative description of the emergence of these different behaviors.We provide a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional spatial coherence properties of light speckles, based on very general assumptions. We show that, while in the deep Fresnel region close to the source the longitudinal coherence of speckles is ruled by the laws of ordinary diffraction, on approach to the Fraunhofer zone the longitudinal coherence length tends to become infinite. We offer both a quantitative and a qualitative description of the emergence of these different behaviors. \ua9 2008 The American Physical Society

Dimensionally regularized Tsallis' Statistical Mechanics and two-body Newton's gravitation

Typical Tsallis' statistical mechanics' quantifiers like the partition function and the mean energy exhibit poles. We are speaking of the partition function ${\cal Z}$ and the mean energy $$. The poles appear for distinctive values of Tsallis' characteristic real parameter $q$, at a numerable set of rational numbers of the $q-$line. These poles are dealt with dimensional regularization resources. The physical effects of these poles on the specific heats are studied here for the two-body classical gravitation potential.Comment: 20 Pages, 2 Figure

Efficient estimation of AUC in a sliding window

In many applications, monitoring area under the ROC curve (AUC) in a sliding window over a data stream is a natural way of detecting changes in the system. The drawback is that computing AUC in a sliding window is expensive, especially if the window size is large and the data flow is significant. In this paper we propose a scheme for maintaining an approximate AUC in a sliding window of length $k$. More specifically, we propose an algorithm that, given $\epsilon$, estimates AUC within $\epsilon / 2$, and can maintain this estimate in $O((\log k) / \epsilon)$ time, per update, as the window slides. This provides a speed-up over the exact computation of AUC, which requires $O(k)$ time, per update. The speed-up becomes more significant as the size of the window increases. Our estimate is based on grouping the data points together, and using these groups to calculate AUC. The grouping is designed carefully such that ($i$) the groups are small enough, so that the error stays small, ($ii$) the number of groups is small, so that enumerating them is not expensive, and ($iii$) the definition is flexible enough so that we can maintain the groups efficiently. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that the average approximation error in practice is much smaller than the approximation guarantee $\epsilon / 2$, and that we can achieve significant speed-ups with only a modest sacrifice in accuracy

Backscattering Differential Ghost Imaging in Turbid Media

In this Letter we present experimental results concerning the retrieval of images of absorbing objects immersed in turbid media via differential ghost imaging (DGI) in a backscattering configuration. The method has been applied, for the first time to our knowledge, to the imaging of small thin black objects located at different depths inside a turbid solution of polystyrene nanospheres and its performances assessed via comparison with standard imaging techniques. A simple theoretical model capable of describing the basic optics of DGI in turbid media is proposed.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

q-Path entropy phenomenology for phase-space curves

We describe the phenomenology of the classical q-path entropy of a phase-space curve. This allows one to disclose an entropic force-like mechanism that is able to mimic some phenomenological aspects of the strong force, such as confinement, hard core, and asymptotic freedom.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures Title has changed. Text has change